Poverty and Violence Toward Children

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Steinmetz, S. K. (1977). The cycle of violence: Assertive, aggressive and abusive family interaction. New York: Praeger.

Steinmetz, S. K. , & Straus, M. (1973). The family as a cradle of violence. Society, 10(6), 50-56.

Straus, M. A. (1974). Leveling, civility, and violence in the family. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 36, 13-29.

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Straus, M. A. (1990). The Conflict Tactics Scales and its critics: An evaluation and new data on validity and reliability. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations in 8,145 families (pp. 49-73). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

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Straus, M. A. , & Smith, C. (1990). Family patterns and child abuse. In M. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations in 8,145 families (pp. 245-261). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Wauchope, B. , & Straus, M. (1990). Age, gender and class differences in physical punishment and physical abuse of American children. In M. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations in 8,145 families (pp. 133-148). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.