Abstract
An Italian scholar, Giorgio Braga, here presents a model by which to analyze Communistic expansion in industrialized and non-industrialized nations. He distinguishes between traumatic tensions, which result from unemployment and poverty, and "paretian" tensions, which arise from a lack of social mobility. There are various responses to trauma, e.g., submission, aggression and evasion. In these terms he discusses tensions in contemporary and historical societies, and considers the means by which Communism and other political and social movements try to resolve them. Natural and functional elites in working-class movements are analyzed, with special references to Communist elites.
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