The HRAF material is available in duplicate form at 16 university libraries and consists of scientific material on human relations, reproduced, organized in 707 categories, and filed. This article, a description of the files' organization and uses, originally appeared in somewhat lengthier form in the American Library Association's journal, College and Research Libraries, XIX (March, 1958), 111-117.
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References
1.
Amrine, M.The Great Decision: The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Putnam, 1959 .
2.
Bauer P.T., "International Economic Development."Econ. J., LXIX (Mar. '59), 105-23. Finds Gunnar Myrdal's three recent books on international economic development a comprehensive treatment of present influential ideas, but lacking in new insights. Useful summary of Myrdal's points of view.
3.
Birch, A.H.Small-Town Politics: A Study of Political Life in Glossop. New York: Oxford, 1959 .
4.
Blake, R.R., "Psychology and the Crisis of Statesmanship." Amer. Psych., XIV (Feb. '59), 87-94. "The outcome of the crisis of our times may well rest on whether or not statesmen can design situations for the resolution of intergroup disputes which are sound."
5.
Boulding, K.E.The Skills of the Economist. Cleveland: Howard Allen, 1958. Six lectures on scope and method, primarily for the non-economist. Outlines and evaluates Keynesian macro-and Marshallian micro-economics, discusses political economy, considers the interdisciplinary value of economic concepts, and the value and uses of economic science in society at large.
6.
Braybrooke, D., "The Relevance of Norms to Political Description." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 989-1006. Suggests the desirability of specific normative models, noting that concepts of "function" and "success" have strong normative connections.
7.
Brown, T.M., "Some Recent Econometric Developments." Canad. J. of Econ. & Pol. Sci., XXV (Feb. '59), 23-33. Historical background, concepts, purposes, and present developments in econometrics, with particular attention to the uses of electronic computers.
8.
Brunius, T., "Jeremy Bentham's Moral Calculus." Acta Sociologica , III (#2-3), 73-85. The scientific basis of Bentham's "ethics at large," and their psychological reality—and unreality.
9.
Burdick, E. L., & A. J. Brodbeck, eds. American Voting Behavior. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1959. 22 essays on American voting process and the American voter.
10.
Conover, H.F.Guide to Bibliographic Tools for Research in Foreign Affairs( 2nd ed.) Government document LC2.2:F76/7/958. Washington: Library of Congress, 1958.
11.
Cressy, D.R., "The Nature and Effectiveness of Correctional Techniques." Law & Contemp. Prob., XXIII (Autumn '58), 754-71. Identifies two conceptions of correctional techniques, discusses problems of measuring their effectiveness and problems of defining "correctional techniques."
12.
Dailey, C.A., "Graph Theory in the Analysis of Personal Documents." Human Relations, XII (#1, '59), 65-74. The mathematical theory of graphs, applied to permit quantitative analysis of contents of any narrative account of human behavior such as case histories, biographies, anthropological studies, diplomatic papers.
13.
Dean, J.P., & W.F. Whyte, "'How Do You Know If the Informant is Telling the Truth?' " Human Organization, XVII (Summer '58), 34-38. The question is unanswerable and should be replaced by the query: "What do the informant's statements reveal about his feelings and perceptions and what inferences can be made from them about the actual environment or events he has experienced?"
14.
Derge, D.R., Metropolitan and Outstate Alignments in Illinois and Missouri Legislative Delegations." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 1051-65. Finds alignment between urban and non-urban delegates that undermines the traditional belief in urban-rural conflict. Other conflicts are more likely.
15.
Dexter, L.A., "Conventional Death or Unconventional Survival," reprinted in the Congressional Record, Feb. 17, 1959, p. A1154. Argues that the U. S. has no military policy as such, but a number of "military doctrines," which are not formulated in Congress.
16.
Diamant, A., "Is There a Non-Western Political Process ? Comments on Lucian W. Pye's 'The Non-Western Political Process'." J. of Pol., XXI (Feb. '59), 122-27. Pye's "non-Western" model applies to many Western political situations.
17.
Dion, L., "Political Ideology as a Tool of Functional Analysis in Socio-Political Dynamics: An Hypothesis." Canad J. of Econ. & Pol. Sci. , XXV (Feb. '59), 47-59. Political ideology is a more or less integrated system of values and norms, rooted in society, which is projected on the political plane to promote individual and group aspirations and ideals.
18.
Etzioni, A., "Kulturkampf or Coalition: The Case of Israel." Sociologia Religiosa, No. 4. Political and sociological conditions associated with alternative courses of action facing religious parties in Israel.
19.
Fensterwald, B. JR., "The Anatomy of American 'Isolationism' and Expansionism. II" Conflict Resolution, II (Dec. '58), 280-309. Psychological factors underlying American attitudes toward foreign policy problems, with the development of a questionnaire on international and domestic attitudes, finding nationalism roughly related to the authoritarian ideology.
20.
Frankel, J., "Towards a Decision-Making Model in Foreign Policy." Pol. Studies, VII (Feb. '59), 1-11. Centers on the relations between decision-makers and their environments, after H. Sprout's thesis.
21.
Gans, H.J., "The Human Implications of Current Redevelopment and Relocation Planning ." J. of Amer. Inst. of Planners, XXV (Feb. '59), 15-25. The redeveloper and his future tenants often benefit much more than site inhabitants, who involuntarily pay monetary and non-monetary costs. Based on West End Boston study.
22.
Garfinkel, H., "Social Science Evidence and the School Sergregation Cases." J. of Pol., XXI (Feb. '59), 37-59. What is the relevance of such evidence as laid before the Supreme Court, and how adequate is it for establishing the validity of factual arguments?
23.
George, A.L.Propaganda Analysis: A Study of Inferences Made from Nazi Propaganda in World War II. Evanston: Row, Peterson , 1959. Evaluates the successful inferences of American propaganda analysts by comparison with German documents; discusses methodology.
24.
George, B.J., JR., "An Unsolved Problem: Comparative Sentencing Techniques." Amer. Bar Ass'n. J., LXV (Mar. '59), 250-54. Comparative methods of imposing and reviewing sentences are considered; in the free world only a U. S. judge can set an absolute minimum sentence without review, and U. S. sentences are among the longest in the world.
25.
Guetzkow, H., "A Use of Simulation in the Study of Inter-Nation Relations" (mimeo . Program of Graduate Training and Research in Int'l. Relations, Northwestern Univ., Nov. '58. An experiment in using contrived face-to-face groups to study hypotheses in international politics.
26.
Hacker, A., "Political Behaviour and Political Behavior." Pol. Studies, VII (Feb. '59), 32-40. A review of Butler's The Study of Political Behaviour that quickly devolves into an analysis of the causes of American superiority over British scholars in studies of political behavior.
27.
Hall, M., & C. Winsten, "The Ambiguous Notion of Efficiency." Econ. J., LXIX (Mar. '59), 71-86. A technical treatment of the difficulties of the concept "efficiency" even for the economist.
28.
Hartmann, H., "Managers and Entrepreneurs: A Useful Distinction?" Admin. Sci. Q., III (Mar. '59), 429-51. It is, if entrepreneurship is redefined in terms of formal authority, using Weber's concept of the entrepreneur as the source of all formal organizational authority. Decision making, functional role, and charismatic qualities are also analyzed.
29.
Heady, F., "Bureaucratic Theory and Comparative Administration." Admin. Sci. Q., III (Mar. '59), 509-25. Criticizes a recent theory of bureaucracy (per Morroe Berger) and states that such a theory should stress "essential structural features," permitting research on Western and non-Western bureaucratic behavior.
30.
Higham, J., "The Cult of the 'American Consensus'." Commentary , XXVII (Feb. '59), 93-100. The new trend in American historiography is a conservative one: "the appeal to homogeneity, continuity, and national character."
31.
Howatt, G., "Australia Elects Senate by P. R" Nat'l. Civic R., XLVIII (Mar. '59), 144-48. Results of the world's largest application of the Hare system of proportional representation, Nov., '58.
32.
Hughes, C.A., "Representation in the Emergent States of the Commonwealth." Australian J. of Pol. & Hist., IV (Nov. '58), 165-78. Analysis of schemes of election and representation in Central and East Africa, and the conflicts they have stirred.
33.
Hunter, F.Top Leadership, U.S.A. Chapel Hill: U. of North Carolina Press, 1959. A systematic and important attempt at discovering the names and traits of several hundreds of America's most powerful citizens. Industrialists, politicians, military men loom large.
34.
Hyneman, C.S., "The Collection and Uses of Political Data." Citizenship Clearing House Bull., VII (Mar. '59), 2-3. Comments on Indiana U.'s collecting of raw data on election returns, legislative action, and politicians' personal histories.
35.
Jackman, N.R., "Survival in the Concentration Camp." Human Organization , XVII (Summer '58), 23-26. The importance of group identification as a basic factor in the physical and psychological survival of the individual: if the individual's reference group was also a membership group within camp, his chances of physical and psychological survival were maximized ; if the individual's reference group was outside the camp but closely integrated, his chances of psychological survival were maximized—until death.
36.
Karlsson, G.Social Mechanisms . Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1959. Summary of a few of the important mathematical models in sociology, comparing them with empirical data on situations they are intended to explain.
37.
Key, V.O., JR., "The State of the Discipline." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 961-71. "The demands upon our profession have grown more rapidly than has the content of our discipline. We are ... the victims of our own success."
38.
Keyfitz, N., "The Interlocking of Social and Economic Factors in Asian Development ." Canad. J. of Econ. & Pol. Sci., XXV (Feb. '59), 34-46. Notes a necessity for anthropological and economic data to be combined in understanding non-Western development.
39.
Koehl, R., "Toward an SS Typology: Social Engineers." Amer. J. of Econ. & Soc., XVIII (Jan. '59), 113-26. The character of the Nazi SS phenomena, men who "became instruments of destruction while maintaining a sense of innocence," and a discussion of the neurotic core-type.
40.
Krislov, S., "Constituency Versus Constitutionalism: The Desegregation Issue and Tensions and Aspirations of Southern Attorneys General." Midwest J. of Pol. Sci., III (Feb. '59 ) , 75-92. In desegregation Southern attorneys general have been noticeable for what they have not done as much as for their accomplishments. Rather, they largely follow the maxim "Vox populi vox Dei.
41.
Lane, F.C., "Economic Consequences of Organized Violence." J. of Econ. Hist., XVIII (Dec. '58), 401-17. Considering government as the primary organization for providing the service of protection (also noting the use of violence by other organizations), one of the broadest of American historians observes the transformation of force into economic behaviors.
42.
Lane, R.E.Political Life; Why People Get Involved in Politics. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1959. Interpretation of data and theories compiled by hundreds of research studies on the political process in America.
43.
Leys, W.A.R., and C.M. Perry, "Philosophy and the Public Interest" (paper. Committee to Advance Original Work in Philosophy, Mar. '59. Survey of the many formal and substantive meanings that have been attached to the concept of the "public interest."
44.
Lipset, S.M., & R. Bendix.Social Mobility in Industrial Society. Berkeley: U. of Calif. Press, 1959 . Comparative study with detailed analysis of U. S.
45.
McDougal, M.S., & H.D. Lasswell , "The Identification and Appraisal of Diverse Systems of Public Order." Amer. J. of Int'l. Law, LIII (Jan. ' '59), 1-29. By "systems of public order" is meant both national and supranational laws and agreements which are pungently analyzed in Lasswellian categories, "toward a universal order of human dignity."
46.
Mackinnon, W.J., "Proposal for a Project on a Theory of Interdependence between Libertarian and Equalitarian Processes and Its Application to International Conflict Resolution ." Conflict Resolution, II (Dec. '58), 355-56.
47.
Maclean, M.S., & L. Pinna, "Mass Media in Scarperia: A Social Portrait of an Italian Commune." Gazette (Leiden), IV (#3), 231-48. Sample-based study of social and personal characteristics affecting information flow in a rural community.
48.
Masters, N.A., & D.S. Wright, "Trends and Variations in the Two-Party Vote: The Case of Michigan ." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 1078-90. Develops a basis for describing shifts in party strength that cut across urban-rural divisions, and finds that city vote is determined more by occupational composition than by city size.
49.
Meier, R.L., "Human Time Allocation: A Basis for Social Accounts." J. of Amer. Inst. of Planners, XXV (Feb. '59), 27-33. Richness of life can be measured through time allocations, which are assumed to indicate the relative variety of a person's life. The time budget has the advantage of indicating when, where, and what, as well as the economist's "how much."
50.
Merton, R. K., et al., eds. Sociology Today . New York: Basic Books, 1959. Sociology of law, education, religion, family, art, science and medicine, individual in society, demographic and social structure, social disorganization, mental illness, mass communication.
51.
Meynaud, J., & A. Lancelot, "Groupes de Pression et Politique du Logement. Essai d'Analyse Monographique ." Revue Fran. de Sci. Pol., VIII (Dec. '58), 821-61. Tactics of French pressure groups concerned with housing.
52.
Moorsteen, R., "Economic Prospects for Communist China." World Pol. , XI (Jan. '59), 192-220. Rapid growth in heavy industry and agriculture is following the Soviet pattern of the '20's, and shows signs of ultimate success.
53.
Mouzon, O.T.International Resources and National Policy. New York: Harper, 1959. A geography text well-suited to be the policy scientist's companion. Deals with atomic energy, geopolitical theory and security factors as well as with mineral resources, agriculture, etc.
54.
Overstreet, G.D., & M. Windmiller , Communism in India. Berkeley : U. of Calif. Press, 1959. Structure, policy and practice of the party in India analyzed in terms of historical and contemporary developments in India and in international Communism.
55.
Press, C., "Voting Statistics and Presidential Coattails." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 1041-50. Finds both that Congressional races follow nation-wide patterns, and that (in some circumstances) candidates' campaigning is a key factor.
56.
Price, W.C., "Report on Current Research in Schools of Journalism." journalism Q., XXXVI (Winter '59), 104-13. Lists 278 research projects (staff and thesis) from 57 academic institutions, in 26 categories of research.
57.
Ramsey, C.E., R.A. Polson, & G.E. Spencer, "Values and the Adoption of Practices." Rural Soc. , XXIV (Mar. '59 ) , 35-47. Twelve value orientations (security, achievement, science, etc.) were tested for their relationship to scales of adoption of two agricultural practices, with five low positive and two low negative relationships found.
58.
Rapoport, A., "Various Meanings of 'Theory'." Amer. Pol. Sci. R. , LII (Dec. '58), 972-88. The role of theory and its various meanings: in the exact sciences, in the behavioral sciences (two meanings), in the normative sense (political theory), and in game theory.
59.
Rawson, D.W., "Politics and 'Responsibility' in Australian Trade Unions." Auatrialian J. of Pol. & Hist., IV (Nov. '58), 224-43. The Australian labour movement has become a battle-ground for Catholicism and Communism, and is inevitably and extensively involved in Australian politics.
60.
Redmount, R.S., "Psychological Views in Jurisprudential Theories." U. of Penna. Law R., CVII (Feb. '59), 472-513. Comments on the legal theories of certain psychologists and the psychological theories of certain jurisprudents, and offers a set of hypotheses about the psychological dependence of the individual on his environment.
61.
Rhyne, E.H., "Political Parties and Decision Making in Three Southern Counties." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 1091-1107. Evaluates the theory that party competition is the life-blood of democracy: "A competitive electoral process may contribute to democratic practices in decision making, but it is no assurance that it will."
62.
Schelling, T.C., "The Strategy of Conflict: Prospectus for a Reorientation of Game Theory ." Conflict Resolution, II (Sept. '58) , 203-264. An extension of game theory to yield insight where conflict is mixed with mutual dependence as in war and war threats, maneuvering in a bureaucracy, etc. Novel, strikingly relevant to political behavior theory.
63.
Schiller, A.A., "Jurists' Law." Columbia Law R., LVIII (Dec. '58), 1226-38. The development of jurists' law—law created by expert persons through opinion and precedent—in the Roman classical era.
64.
Schmidhauser, J.R., "The Justices of the Supreme Court: A Collective Portrait." Midwest J. of Pol. Sci., III (Feb. '59), 1-57. Collective treatment of Court membership (since 1789) to determine basic recruitment factors and "the place of the Court in American politics and society." Extensive bibliography.
65.
Schubert, G.A., "The Study of Judicial Decision-Making as an Aspect of Political Behavior ." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 1007-25. Discuss means and techniques: bloc analysis of split decisions, scalogram analysis, content analysis, game analysis. Proposes hypotheses and areas for study.
66.
Schwartz, M.L., & J.C.N. Paul, "Foreign Communist Propaganda in the Mails: A Report on Some Problems of Federal Censorship." U. of Penna. Law R., CVII (Mar. '59), 621-66. Post Office practice rests on uneasy or non-existent legal bases, and is often quite inconsistent: public review of the problem and legislative courses of action are suggested.
67.
Seligman, L.G., "A Prefatory Study of Leadership Selection in Oregon." Western Pol. Q., XII (Mar. '59, Part I), 153-67. A small sample study of State legislators (by interview). Parties and factions played little part in selection; socio-political networks were most important.
68.
Siebert, F.S., "Professional Secrecy and the Journalist." Journalism Q., XXXVI (Winter '59), 3-11. Summarizes existing legislation protecting the journalist from compulsion to reveal his sources, and argues extension of the principle.
69.
" La Signification Humaine des Sciences Sociales aux Etats-Unis." Esprit, XXVII (Jan. '59), Issue contains, among others, articles by Daniel Lerner on European tradition, Harry Alpert on Organization and Financing, Harold Lasswell on Research Strategy, Max Millikan on Social Science and Political Action, and Edward Shils on Ethics of Research.
70.
Silbert, A., "Panorama Géopolitique des 'Afriques'." Politique Etrangere, XXIII (#6, 1958), 628-41. A set of "conclusions" concerning centripetal and centrifugal forces in African nationalism, research on a modus vivendi, the role of whites, economic development, etc.
71.
Silvera, V., "Passé de l'Union Francaise et Avenir de la Communauté." Revue Juridique et Pol. de Union Fran., XII (Oct.-Dec. '58). Political factors both within and without the French union from 1946 that led to its passing in 1958.
72.
Somit, A., et al., "The Effect of the Introductory Political Science Course on Student Attitudes toward Personal Political Participation." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 1129-32. At the beginning of courses typical student attitudes were close to indifference; they wert much the same at the conclusion.
73.
Srinivas, M.N., "The Dominant Caste in Rampura." Amer. Anthro., LXI (Feb. '59), 1-16, There are various elements in dominance, which are often distributed among castes. In effect, a comparative study of elites.
74.
Standing, W.H., & J.A. Robinson , "Inter-Party Competition and Primary Contesting: The Case of Indiana." Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LII (Dec. '58), 1066-77. Refines the concepts of safe and competitive electoral districts and replicates "some propositions relating inter-party competition to the number of contestants in primary elections in Indiana."
75.
Stocking, G.W., "Institutional Factors in Economic Thinking." Amer. Econ. R., XLIX (Mar. '59), 1-21. From the impact of 17th century administrative controls over economic activity on Adam Smith's writing, to the influence of corporation success on current economic thought.
76.
Stoll, G.E., "Gebete in publizistischer Umgestaltung." Publizistik (Bremen), III (Nov.-Dec. '58), 337-52. Through the ages prayers and hymns have been rewritten to carry propaganda messages during religious and political crises.
77.
Thompson, K.W., "National Security in a Nuclear Age." Social Research , XXV (Winter '58), 439-48. Analysis of the international crisis; Soviet and Western security systems, and nuclear strategy and arms control are discussed, with policy implications.
78.
Valen, H., "Factional Activities and Nominations in Political Parties." Acta Sociologica, III (#4), 183-99. Propositions drawn from Norwegian political practices in answer to the question, How do parties maintain political and ideological unity and still allow divergencies among members?
79.
Webb, L. C., ed. Legal Personality and Political Pluralism. N. Y. : Cambridge U. Press, 1959. Relationship, over past 50 years of trends in doctrine of legal personality and the political structure of the community.
80.
White, C.M., et al. Sources of Information in the Social Sciences: An Annotated Bibliography. N. Y.: Columbia U. Bookstore, Columbia U., 1959.
81.
Williams, T.R., "The Evolution of a Human Nature." Philos. of Sci. , XXVI (Jan. '59), 1-13. Recounts several anthropological definitions of human nature, considers data suggesting a revised empirical definition, and asks whether human nature is the product of evolutionary processes.
