15. REVIEW: Proxy Contests for Corporate Control Edward Ross Aranow and Herbert A. Einhorn (New York: Columbia University Press,1957

Abrahams, G. , "Lo stato come società commerciale e la irresponsibilita dei ministri. " Il Pol., XXII (1957), 49. Comparison of parliamentary government with corporation leadership (e.g., England).

Apter, D.E. , "Theory and the Study of Politics. " Amer. Pol, Sci. R., LI (1957 ), 747. Problem-oriented empirical philosophy urged and theoretical needs of study discussed.

Argyris, C. , Personality and Organization: The Conflict Between System and the Individual , N.Y.: Harper , 1957.

Barnes, A.M. , "Research in Radio and Television News, 1947-57. " Journalism Q., XXXIV (Summer, 1957 ), 323.

Baumgartel, H. , "Leadership Style as a Variable in Research Administration." Admin, Sci. Q., III( 1957), 344. Directive, laissez-faire, and participatory leadership styles in a gov't. research organization. Last carries most favorable attitudes among scientist employees.

Break, G.F. , "Income Taxes and Incentives to Work: An Empirical Study." Amer. Econ. R., XLVII (Sept., 1957), 529. Interviews of 306 solicitors and accountants reveal negligible disincentives as result of heavy taxes despite high verbal assurances to contrary.

Burns, E.M. , The American Idea of Mission; Concepts of National Purpose and Destiny . New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers U. Press , 1957. Examination of American sense of mission, idealism and pragmatism, from colonial days to the present; author feels all 3 factors helped to mold our national attitudes.

Center for International Studies, M. I. T. , Sixth Annual Report, 1956-1957, 38 pp. plus 22 pp. biblio, enclosure of studies produced at Center under Int'l. Communication Program, econ. and pol. devel. program, and U.S.-Communist Bloc Relations program.

Chapin, R.E. , Mass Communications; A Statistical Analysis. East Lansing, Mich.: State U. Press, 1957. Examination of the communication field--newspapers, magazines, books, radio, television, motion pictures--and its economy, with statistical information.

Cole G. D.N. , "Sociology and Social Policy. " Brit, J. of Soc., VIII (No. 2, 1957), 158. Stresses how policy bias can help as well as hurt empiricism.

Conflict Resolution, I (No. 2, 1957). Venturesome approaches to the study of social conflict demonstrated in this issue, which emerges from 1956 annual Social Science Colloquium of Grad. School of Northwestern. Different concepts of conflict, different units of analysis, and different levels of generalization characterize papers. J. Bernard, K. Boulding, J. S. Brown, St. C. Drake, R. Dubin, K. Deutsch, R. Mack, and R. C. Snyder are the authors.

Dorsey, J.T. , "A Communication Model for Administration." Admin. Sci. Q., II ( 1957), 307. Possibilities of adapting communication theory to decision-making on the model of a "learning net" type.

Ehrmann, H.W. , Organized Business in France. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton U. Press, 1957 . Study of French pressure groups, in particular the organized employers' and trade associations.

Fenton, J.H. , and K.N. Vines , "Negro Registration in Louisiana. " Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LI ( 1957 ), 704. Religio-cultural and urban influences on size of Negro registration, showing positive effect of French Catholicism.

Frankenfeld, A. , "Noch immer 'Paria'-Klasse? Die soziale Existenz des deutschen Journalismus." Pol. Meinung, II (June, 1957), 33.

Freeman, H.E. , Novak, E. , Reeder, L.G. , "Correlates of Membership in Voluntary Associations. " Amer. Soc. R., XXII (No.5), 528. Quantitative analysis of personal mobility and attitudes to community in relation to number of memberships, Spokane.

Fund for the Republic, The Free Society. Booklet describing program of studies on corporations, unions, defense, religious institutions and individual liberty .

Gouldner, A.W. , "Cosmopolitans and Locals: Towards an Analysis of Latent Social Roles--I. " Admin. Sci. Q., II (1957), 281. How roles in differing degrees affect influence, participation, informal and group relations.

Gresock, C.J. , The Influence of Interpersonal Conflict upon Visual Perception. (31 pp.) Washington, D. C.: Catholic U. of Amer . Press.

Guetzkow, H. , and W.R. Dill , "Factors in the Organizational Development of Task-Oriented Groups." Sociometry, XX (Sept., 1957), 175. Small group study; communication and planning factors plotted.

Hartenstein, W. , "Wahlstudien in England. "Neue politische Literatur , II (Aug., 1957 ), 612. Surveys recent literature on English elections.

Henry, J. M., ed., The Articulater. N.Y.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1957. Communicators describe their influence on politics, press, etc.

Hirsch-Weber, W. , & K. Schuetz , Waehler und Gewaehlte. Eine Untersuchung der Bundestagswahlen 1953 . Berlin: Verlag Franz Vahlen , 1957. Based on opinion research, official statistics, questionnaire directed to party officials, and examination of newspaper, magazine, and official handbook materials.

Honey, J.C. , "Research in Public Administration: A Further Note." Public Admin. R., XVII (1957), 238. Remarks on varieties of, and means of fostering, research.

Hovland, C.I., et al . The Order of Presentation in Persuasion . New Haven, Conn: Yale U. Press, 1957.

Hyman, H.H. , "An Exploration into Opinions and Personality. " World Politics, X ( 1957), 144. Review of B. Smith et al., Opinions and Personality. "There is a pluralism of determinants of opinion; the origin is complex; the functions are manifold; and the way in which personality issues into opinion is never simple. But the apparatus to deal with this complexity is available--not merely the concepts, but also the instruments. "

Kaplan, M.A. , System and Process in International Politics. N.Y .: Wiley, 1957. Examination of different models of international political action.

Kilson, M.L. , "Land and Politics in Kenya: An Analysis of African Poli tics in a plural society. " Western Pol. Q ., X (Sept., 1957), 559. Field study, including Kikuyu informants; multi-faceted, integrated approach.

Kirkpatrick, E. M., ed., Year of Crisis; Communist Propaganda Activities in 1956. N.Y.: Macmillan , 1957. Sequel to "Target: the World" (1955); contains many samples of international study techniques.

Komarovsky, M., ed., Common Frontiers of the Social Sciences . Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957. Collection of studies and surveys of research. Interrelations of history, economics, and public opinion are dealt with in significant methodological excursions.

Korol, A.G. , Soviet Education for Science and Technology. N.Y .: Wiley and Technology Press of M.I.T., 1957. Detailed analysis of Soviet scientific education, including statistics on organization, curriculum, and examinations and comparison with U.S.

Kosa, J. , "The Rank Order of Peoples: A Study of National Stereotypes. " J. of Social Psych., XLVI (Nov., 1957), 311. Rank order of national groups, in spontaneous statements of ethnic group, reveal rationalization of the existing situation of adj ustment and assimilation.

Leoni, B. , "Natura e significatio delle 'decisioni politiche."' Il Pol. , XXII(1957), 1. Examination of political decision as group decision.

Lerner, D. , "Communication Systems and Social Systems. A Statistical Exploration in History and Policy. " Behavioral Science, II (Oct. , 1957), 266. Research on correlation between rates of urbanization, literacy, voting, and media participation.

Mack, R.W., et al. , Social Mobility; Thirty Years of Research and Theory: An Annotated Bibliography . (31 pp.) Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse U. Press , 1957.

Mahalanobis, P. C., ed., The University Teaching of Social Sciences; Statistics, UNESCO publication. N.Y.: Columbia U. Press, 1957.

Marz, R.H. , "The Democratic Digest: A Content Analysis. " Amer. Pol. Sci, R., LI (Sept., 1957), 696. A simple, quantitative demonstration of the opposition-oriented, issueless character of a party organ.

McDonald, L.C. , "Voegelin and the Positivists: A New Science of Politics. " Midwest J. of Pol, Sci., I (Nov. , 1957), 233. Presents Voege. lin's anti-positivist challenge, criticizes his "polemics and obscurant. ism, " but poses the necessity of ontological assumptions about man.

McKitrick, E.L. , "The Study of Corruption"Pol. Sci. Q ., LXXII (Dec., 1957), 502. Decline of studies of "machines" analyzed and suggestions for further study made.

National Science Foundation , Basic Research. National Resource. U.S. Gov't. Printing Office , #NS1.2:R31/8. 1957.

National Science Foundation , Government Sponsored and Government Supported Research, Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Areas. 13th Report, Sept. 30, 1957; mimeo. NSA, 1957.

, "Die neuen Journalisten, Ueber Boulevardblaetter und Meinungs-Zeitungen. " Pol. Meinung, II (June, 1957), 29.

Penniman, Clara , "Science and State Governments. " Midwest J. of Pol. Sci., I (Nov. , 1957), 334. Summary of State spending for research on several major functions.

Public Opinion Q., XXI (No. 1, 1957) is a review of its own 20-year history and articles on 20 years of public opinion research by Childs, Albig, Gallup, Roper, Lasswell, Lazarsfeld, Hyman, Katz, Stephan, Schramm, Harris, Katona, Bogart, Fitzgerald, Riley, Cottrell, Crossley, Hart, Cahalan, Wilson, Dodd, Alpert, Pool, Lerner. Theory, methods, applications.

Riker, W.H. , and Schaps, R. , "Disharmony in Federal Government. " Behavioral Science , II (Oct. , 1957 ), 276. Report on an index of disharmony constructed to examine how the institutions of federalism appear conducive to intergovernmental conflicts and to a failure to integrate policies.

Rogow, A.A. , "Comment on Smith and Apter: or, Whatever Happened to the Great Issues "Amer. Pol. Sci. R., LI (1957), 763. Urges a comprehensive science of social analysis using all behavioral science techniques on "problems which other people find crucial, decisive and controversial.

" Ross, M.G. , & C.E. Henry , New Understandings of Leadership. N.Y.: Association Press, 1957. A survey and application of research.

Rourke, F.E. , "Secrecy in American Bureaucracy. " Pol. Sci. Q., LXXII (Dec., 1957 ), 540. Theory, growth, and legal basis of administrative information controls.

Schnore, L.F. , "Metropolitan Growth and Decentralization. " Amer. J. of Soc., LXIII (Sept., 1957), 171. Points out need for further research to test "dynamic hypotheses, "especially in sources of differential growth, internal movement, decentralization.

Schramm, W.L. , Responsibility in Mass Communication. N.Y .: Harper, 1957. Ethics and economics of the press.

Scott, W.H., et al ., Technical Change and Industrial Relations . N. Y. : Gregory Lounz , 1957. English study of the relations between technical change and the social structure of a large steel works.

Senger & Etterlin, F. v. , "Der Faktor Politik in der Strategie, die Passivitaet der politischen Leitung gegenueber dem Generalstab in der Zeit Schlieffens "Pol, Stud., VII (1957), 22.

Sills, D.L. , The Volunteers. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957,. Analysis of types and behavior in anti-polio organization.

Simey, T.S. , "Social Investigation: Past Achievements and Present Difficulties " Brit. J. of Soc., VIII (1957), 121. Distinguishes fact and value statements in social research, recites some social research history, recommends steps to advance research.

Simith, D.G. , "Political Science and Political Theory. "Amer. Pol. Sci. Q., LI (1957), 734. A critique of attempts at universal, systematic political science. The most constructive and ambitious theory is literary in form.

Sower, C., et al ., Community Involvement; The Webs of Formal and Informal Ties that Make for Action. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957.

Steger, N.A. , "Das Gras der Notwendigkeit: Erkenntnismoeglichkeiten und -grenzen demoskopischer Forschungsmethoden " Neue politische Literatur , II (Aug., 1957 ), 581. Potentials and limitations of demoscopic research methods.

Tremblay, M.A. , "The Key Informant Technique: A Nonethnographic Application. "Amer. Anthro., LIX (Aug., 1957), 688. Method of using informants in design of area survey.

Treue, W. , "Die Gewerkschaften in der Gesellschaft." Neue politische Literatur, II (Aug., 1957 ), 604. Review of recent materials. "Unions, through their high membership figures, their economic strength, and their press organs, have achieved a significance in public life which is disturbing not only to the historian, not only to the politicians, but also to ordinary citizens."

Unesco , Foundations with Social Science Activities: An International Catalogue. Reports and papers in the social ser., No.7 N.Y.: Columbia U. Press, 1957.

Ward, B. , "Workers' Management in Yugoslavia. "J. of Pol. Econ., LXV (Oct. , 1957), 373. Careful study of workers' councils doctrine and behavior. Most decisions remain at level of firm, but not in workers' hands.

Watson, G., ed., The Unservile State: Essays in Liberty and Welfare . N.Y.: Macmillan, 1957. A great many economic and political platitudes are dissected and ideas presented in first full-scale book of British Liberalism since 1928.

Wrigley, C. , "Electronic Computers and Psychological Research" Amer, Psych. , XII (Aug., 1957), 501. Describes new computers enabling the carrying out of new research designs.