The article traces the way AIDS activism, and more largely the homosexual movement, have been progressively supported and funded by the State in France. If the State is most often viewed as a target of protest movements, some research focuses on how state interventions may contribute not only to the development and success of voluntary groups but also constrain their room to maneuver, pushing them to soften their claims, their identities and their repertoires of action. The authors also address a less often explored dimension of the effect of State funding, that is, how, in the case under study, it has contributed to shaping the social and legal forms of same-sex politics and coproduced social norms of contemporary homosexuality. State funding is viewed less as a factor of transformation of movements, in its effects of acting as a brake on or a facilitator of action by mobilized groups, and more in the way it has become involved in a process of coproduction of social norms along with social movements.
Anguenot-FranchequinM. (1993). Trois années de prévention du VIH en direction des hommes qui ont des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes. Entre Gens, 2, 5-9.
2.
ArmstrongE. A. (2002). Forging gay identities: Organizing sexuality in San Francisco, 1950-1994. Chicago, IL: The University Press of Chicago.
3.
ArnalF. (1990). AFLS—Rattraper le temps perdu: L’Agence Française de la Lutte contre Sida redouble d’activité. Gai Pied Hebdo, 444, 56-60.
4.
ArnalF. (1993). Résister ou disparaître? Les homosexuels face au sida: La prévention de 1982 à 1992. Paris, France: L’Harmattan.
5.
AyoubP. (2016). When states come out: Europe’s sexual minorities and the politics of visibility. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
6.
BereniL. (2007). Du MLF au Mouvement pour la parité: La genèse d’une nouvelle cause dans l’espace de la cause des femmes. Politix, 78, 107-132.
7.
BroquaC. (2006). Agir pour ne pas mourir! Act up, les homosexuels et le sida. Paris, France: Presses de Sciences Po.
8.
BroquaC.FillieuleO.Roca i EscodaM. (Eds.). (2016). On the International Elaboration of Causes Relating to Sexuality. Critique Internationale/English, 70(January-March).
9.
CarrollA.MendosL. R. (2017). State Sponsored Homophobia 2017: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: Criminalization, protection and recognition. Geneva, Switzerland: ILGA.
10.
CharfeY. (1992). Évaluation de la prévention en direction des gais. Paris, France: Rapport Adresse/AFLS.
11.
CharvetD. (1990). Les homosexuels et la prévention du sida. Gai Pied Hebdo, 446, 64.
CharvetD.Le BitouxJ. (1991). Morale et épidémie: Un entretien avec le directeur de l’AFLS. Le Journal du Sida, 28, 28-30.
15.
DauphinS. (2002). Les associations de femmes et les politiques d’égalité en France: Des liens ambigus avec les institutions. Pyramides, 6, 149-170. Retrieved from http://pyramides.revues.org/453
16.
DauphinS. (2010). L’ État et les droits des femmes: Des institutions au service de l’égalité?Rennes, France: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
17.
DavidsonR. J. (2015). Cultural corporatism and the COC: Gay and lesbian social movement advocacy in the Netherlands and Dutch political culture, 1986-1994. Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies, 18, 153-172.
18.
de BusscherP.-O. (1996). L’association Santé et Plaisir Gai et la construction du safer sex en France (1988-1994). In CalvezM.SchiltzM.-A.SouteyrandY. (Eds.), Les homosexuels face au sida: Rationalités et gestion des risques (pp. 35-42). Paris, France: ANRS.
19.
de BusscherP.-O. (2003). Saisir l’insaisissable: Les stratégies de prévention du sida auprès des homosexuels et bisexuels masculins en France (1984-2002). In BroquaC.LertF.SouteyrandY. (Eds.), Homosexualité au temps du sida: Tensions sociales and identitaires (pp. 257-271). Paris, France: ANRS.
20.
de BusscherP.-O.BroquaC. (1998, January15). Homosexual socialization and fight against AIDS in France. AIDS in Europe: New challenges for social and behavioural sciences. 2nd European Conference on the Methods and Results of Social and Behavioural Research on AIDS. UNESCO, Paris, France.
21.
de BusscherP.-O.ThiaudièreC. (2000). Le PaCS: Un progrès social ou une avancée de l’État?Mouvements, 8, 48-53.
22.
DurandC. (1990a). AFLS: Doit faire ses preuves. Gai Pied Hebdo, 410, 58-59.
23.
DurandC. (1990b). L’AFLS s’offre un plan: Dominique Charvet, nouveau directeur de l’Agence Française de Lutte contre le Sida. Gai Pied Hebdo, 405, 8-9.
24.
DuyvendakJ. W. (1996). The depoliticization of the Dutch gay identity, or why Dutch gays aren’t queer. In SeidmanS. (Ed.), Queer theory/sociology (pp. 421-438). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
25.
DuyvendakJ. W.JasperJ. (Eds.). (2015). Breaking down the state: Protestors engaged. Amsterdam. Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
26.
EpsteinS. (2003). Sexualizing governance and medicalizing identities: The emergence of “state-centered” LGBT health politics in the United States. Sexualities, 6, 131-171.
27.
FassinÉ. (2006). La démocratie sexuelle et le conflit des civilisations. Multitudes, 26, 123-131.
28.
FassinÉ.SalcedoM. (2015). Becoming gay? Immigration policies and the truth of sexual identity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 1117-1125.
29.
FavreP. (Ed.). (1992). Sida et politique: Les premiers affrontements (1981-1987). Paris, France: L’Harmattan.
30.
FillieuleO.DuyvendakJ. W. (1999). Gay and lesbian activism in France: Between integration and community-oriented movements. In AdamB. D.DuyvendakJ. W.KrouwelA. (Eds.), The global emergence of gay and lesbian politics: National imprints of a worldwide movement (pp. 184-213). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
FillieuleO. (1999). Local Environmental Politics in France. The Case of the Louron Valley, 1984-1996, French Politics, Volume 1, Issue 3, pp 305–330.
33.
HekmaG.DuyvendakJ. W. (2011). The Netherlands: Depoliticization of homosexuality and homosexualization of politics. In TremblayM.PaternotteD.JohnsonC. (Eds.), The gay and lesbian movement and the state: Comparative insights into a transformed relationship (pp. 103-117). Farnham, England: Ashgate.
34.
JacksonJ. (2009). Living in Arcadia: Homosexuality, politics, and morality in France from the liberation to AIDS. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
35.
JaunaitA.Le RenardA.MarteuE. (2013). Sexual nationalisms? Contemporary reconfigurations of sexualities and nationalisms. Raisons Politiques, 49, 5-23.
36.
KatzensteinM. F. (1998). Faithful and fearless: Moving feminist protest inside the church and military. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
37.
PaichelerG. (2002). Prévention du sida et agenda politique: Les campagnes en direction du grand public (1987-1996). Paris, France: CNRS Éditions.
PinellP.BroquaC.de BusscherP.-O.JauffretM.ThiaudièreC. (2002). Une épidémie politique: La lutte contre le sida en France (1981-1996). Paris, France: PUF.
40.
PollakM.SchiltzM.-A. (1991). Les homosexuels français face au sida: Modification des pratiques sexuelles et émergence de nouvelles valeurs. Anthropologie et Sociétés, 15(2-3), 53-65.
41.
RevillardA. (2016). La cause des femmes dans l’état: Une comparaison France-Québec. Grenoble, France: Presses universitaires de Grenoble.
42.
StaggenborgS. (1998). Gender, family, and social movements. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
43.
ThébaudF. (2001). Promouvoir les droits des femmes: Ambitions, difficultés et résultats. In BersteinS.MilzaP.BiancoJ.-L. (Eds.), Les années Mitterrand: Les années du changement (pp. 567-600). Paris, France: Perrin.
44.
TillyC. (1984). Social movements and national politics. In BrightC.HardingS. (Eds.), Statemaking and social movements (pp. 297-317). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
45.
TremblayM.PaternotteD.JohnsonC. (Eds.). (2011). The lesbian and gay movement and the state: Comparative insights into a transformed relationship. Farnham, England: Ashgate.
46.
Van DykeN.SouleS. A.TaylorV. A. (2004). The targets of social movements: Beyond a focus on the state. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, 25, 27-51.
47.
VerhoevenI.DuyvendakJ. W. (2017). Understanding governmental activism. Social Movement Studies, 16, 564-577. doi:10.1080/14742837.2017.1338942
48.
VoegtliM. (2016). Une cause modèle: La lutte contre le sida en Suisse (1982-2008). Lausanne, Switzerland: Antipodes.
49.
VoegtliM.FillieuleO. (2012). Constitution, diversification and normalization of a health problem: Organizing the fight against AIDS in Switzerland (1984-2005). Contemporary Politics, 18, 200-212.
50.
WeissM. L.BosiaM. J. (Eds.). (2013). Global homophobia: States, movements, and the politics of oppression. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
