Alkalimat, A., & Williams, K. ( 2001). Social capital and cyberpower in the African American community. In L. Keeble & B. Loader (Eds.), Community informatics: Shaping computer mediated social relations (pp. 177-204). London: Routledge.
2.
Barzilai-Nahon, K. ( 2006). Gaps and bits: Conceptualizing measurements for digital divide/s. The Information Society, 22, 269-278.
3.
Baym, N.K. ( 2000). Tune in, log on: Soaps, fandom and online community. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4.
Bishop, A.P., & Bruce, B. ( 2005). Community informatics: Integrating action, research, and learningBulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 31(6). Available at http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Aug-05/bishopbruce.htm (accessed January 14, 2010)
5.
boyd, d., & Ellison, N. ( 2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 210-230.
6.
Cleaver, H. ( 1994). The Chiapas uprising and the future of class struggle in the new world order. Riff-Raff, pp. 133-145. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from http://www.eco.utexas.edu/facstaff/Cleaver/chiapasuprising.html
7.
Cleaver, H. ( 1999). Computer-linked social movements and the global threat to capitalism. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from http://www.eco.utexas.edu/faculty/Cleaver/polnet.html
8.
Cohill, A.M., & Kavanaugh, A.L. (2000). Community networks: Lessons from Blacksburg, Virginia (2nd ed.). Boston: Artech House.
9.
Commission of the European Communities. (2005 ). eInclusion revisited: The local dimension of the information society. Retrieved August 1, 2009, from http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/news/2005/feb/eincllocal_en.pdf
10.
Cope, W., & Kalantzis, M. (Eds.). (2009). Ubiquitous learning. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
11.
Davies, S., Pinkett, R.D., Servon, L., & Wiley-Schwartz, A. (2003). Community technology centers as catalysts for community change: A report to the Ford Foundation . Retrieved August 11, 2009, from http://www.bctpartners.com/resources/CTCs_as_Catalysts.pdf
12.
de Moor, A. ( 2009). Moving community informatics research forward. Journal of Community Informatics, 5(1). Available at http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/546/434 (accessed January 14, 2010)
13.
Erickson, I. ( 2010). Geography and community: New forms of interaction among people and places. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1194-1207.
14.
Gackenbach, J. (Ed.). (2006). Psychology and the Internet (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
15.
Gurstein, M. (Ed.) (2000). Community informatics: Enabling communities with information and communications technologies . Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing .
16.
Hagar, C., & Haythornthwaite, C. (2005). Crisis, farming and community . Journal of Community Informatics, 1(3). Available at http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/246/210 (accessed January 14, 2010)
17.
Hampton, K. ( 2010). Internet use and the concentration of disadvantage: Glocalization and the urban underclass. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1111-1132.
18.
Haythornthwaite, C. ( 2007a). Digital divide and e-learning. In R. Andrews & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds.), Handbook of e-learning research (pp. 97-118). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
19.
Haythornthwaite, C. ( 2007b). Social networks and online community. In A. Joinson, K. McKenna , U. Reips, & T. Postmes (Eds.), Oxford handbook of Internet psychology (pp. 121-136). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
20.
Haythornthwaite, C. ( 2009). Crowds and communities: Light and heavyweight models of peer production. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. Available at http://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/9457 (accessed January 14, 2010)
21.
Haythornthwaite, C., & Hagar, C. ( 2005). The social worlds of the Web. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 39, 311-346.
22.
Haythornthwaite, C., Kazmer, M.M., Robins, J., & Shoemaker, S. ( 2000). Community development among distance learners: Temporal and technological dimensions. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 6(1). Available at http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol6/issue1/haythornthwaite.html (accessed January 14, 2010)
23.
Hijazi-Omari, H. & Ribak, R. ( 2008). Playing with fire: On the domestication of the mobile phone among Palestinian teenage girls in Israel. Information, Communication & Society, 11(2), 149-166.
24.
Howard, P. N., & Jones, S. (2003). (Eds.). Society online: The Internet in context. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
25.
Howe, J. ( 2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html
26.
Internet World Statistics. (2009). Internet usage statistics. Retrieved August 3, 2009, from http://www.Internetworldstats.com
27.
Jenkins, H. (with Clinton, K., Purushotma, R., Robinson, A.J., & Weigel, M.). (2006). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. Chicago: MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from http://digitallearning.macfound.org/atf/cf/%7b7e45c7e0-a3e0-4b89-ac9c-e807e1b0ae4e%7d/jenkins_white_paper.pdf
28.
Joinson, A., McKenna, K., Reips, U., & Postmes, T. (Eds.). (2007). Oxford handbook of Internet psychology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
29.
Kang, T. ( 2009). Homeland re-territorialized: Revisiting the role of geographical places in the formation of diasporic identity in the digital age. Information, Communication & Society, 12(3), 326-343.
30.
Kavanaugh, A., Carroll, J.M., Rosson, M.B., Zin, T.T., & Reese, D.D. ( 2005). Community networks: Where offline communities meet onlineJournal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(4), article 3. Available at http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue4/kavanaugh.html (accessed January 14, 2010)
31.
Kavanaugh, A., Kim, B.J., Perez-Quinones, M., Schmitz, J., & Isenhour, P. ( 2008). Net gains in political participation: Secondary effects of the Internet on community. Information, Communication & Society, 11(7), 933-963.
32.
Kavanaugh, A., & Patterson, S. ( 2002). The impact of computer networks on social capital and community involvement in Blacksburg. In B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds.), The Internet in everyday life (pp. 325-344). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
33.
Keeble, L., & Loader, B. D. (2001). (Eds.). Community informatics: Shaping computer-mediated social relations. New York: Routledge.
34.
Kendall, L. ( 2002). Hanging out in the virtual pub: Masculinities and relationships online. Berkeley: University of California Press.
35.
Kendall, L. ( 2007). "Shout into the wind and it shouts back": Identity and interactional tensions on LiveJournalFirst Monday, 12(9). Available at http://131.193.153.231/www./issues/issue12_9/kendall/ (accessed January 14, 2010)
36.
Kendall, L. ( 2009). Community and the Internet. In R. Burnett, M. Consalvo, & C. Ess (Eds.), Handbook of Internet studies . Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
37.
Kingston, R. ( 2007). Public participation in local policy decision-making: The role of Web-based mapping. Cartographic Journal, 44(2), 138-144.
38.
Lenhart, A., Horrigan, J., Rainie, L., Allen, K., Boyce, A.Madden, M., et al. (2003, April 16). The ever-shifting Internet population: A new look at Internet access and the digital divide. Available at http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2003/The-EverShifting-Internet-Population-A-new-look-at-Internet-access-and-the-digital-divide.aspx (accessed January 14, 2010)
39.
Lev-On, A. ( 2010). Engaging the disengaged: Collective action, media uses and sense of (virtual) community by evacuees from Gush Katif. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1208-1227.
40.
Lin, N. ( 2001). Social capital: A theory of social structure and action . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
41.
Ling, R., & Stald, G.B. ( 2010). Mobile communities: Are we talking about a village, a clan or a small group?American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1133-1147.
42.
Loader, B., & Keeble, L. ( 2004). Challenging the digital divide: A literature review of community informatics initiatives. York, UK: John Rowntree Foundation. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/literature-review-community-informatics-initiatives
43.
Matzat, U. ( 2010). Reducing problems of sociability in online communities: Integrating online communication with offline interaction. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1170-1193.
44.
Mcintyre, A. ( 2003). Through the eyes of women: Photovoice and participatory research as tools for reimagining place. Gender, Place and Culture, 10(1), 47-66.
45.
Merkel, C.B., Clitherow, M., Farooq, U., & Xiao, L. ( 2005). Sustaining computer use and learning in community computing contexts: Making technology part of "who they are and what they do."Journal of Community Informatics, 1(2). Available at http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/215/173 (accessed January 14, 2010)
46.
Mesch, G., & Talmud, I. ( 2010). Internet connectivity, community participation, and place attachment: A longitudinal study. American Behavioral Scientist , 53(8), 1095-1110.
47.
Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C.J., & McNeal, R.S. (2007). Digital citizenship: The Internet, society, and participation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
48.
N30 Global Day of Action (1999, November 30). Retrieved January 22, 2010, from http://www.anarki.net/abc/news/0100.html .
49.
Nasr, O. ( 2009, June 15). Tear gas and Twitter: Iranians take their protests online. CNN.com. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/14/iran.protests.twitter/index.html
50.
National Telecommunications and Information Administration. (2000). Falling through the net: Toward digital inclusion. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn00/contents00.html
51.
Pew Internet & American Life Project. ( 2009). Tracking survey, March 16-April 19, 2009 . Retrieved August 3, 2009, from http://www.pewinternet.org/Static-Pages/Trend-Data/Whos-Online.aspx
52.
Pigg, K.E., & Crank, L.D. ( 2004). Building community social capital: The potential and promise of information and communications technologiesJournal of Community Informatics, 1(1). Available at http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/184 (accessed January 14, 2010)
53.
Putnam, R.D. ( 2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community . New York: Simon & Schuster .
54.
Rambaldi, G., Chambers, R., Mccall, M., & Fox, J. ( 2006). Practical ethics for PGIS practitioners, facilitators, technology intermediaries and researchersParticipatory Learning and Action, 54. Available at http://www.ppgis.net/pdf/ch14_rambaldi_pp106-113.pdf (accessed January 14, 2010)
55.
Rheingold, H. ( 2000). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier (Rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
56.
Rheingold, H. ( 2003). Smart mobs: The next social revolution. New York: Perseus Books.
57.
Ronfeldt, D. & Arquilla, J. ( 2001). Networks, netwars, and the fight for the future. First Monday, 6(10). Retrieved January 22, 2010, from http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue6_10/ronfeldt/index.html.
58.
Sandvig, C. ( 2008, October). "Trying to create the desire and the need": Community resistance to Internet community. Paper presented at the Internet Researchers Conference, Copenhagen , Denmark.
59.
Schuler, D. ( 1996). New community networks: Wired for change. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
60.
Schuler, D. ( 2008). Liberating voices: A pattern language for communication revolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press .
61.
Schuler, D., & Day, P. ( 2004). Community practice in the network society: Local action / global interaction. London: Routledge .
62.
Shklovski, I., Burke, M., Kraut, S., & Kiesler, R. ( 2010). Technology adoption and use in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1228-1246.
63.
Shklovski, I., Palen, L., & Sutton, J. ( 2008). Finding community through information and communication technology during disaster events. Proceedings of the ACM 2008 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work San Diego, CA, USA, 127-136.
64.
Silver, D. ( 2000). Margins in the wires: Looking for race, gender, and sexuality in the Blacksburg Electronic Village. In B. Kolko, L. Nakamura, & G. Rodman (Eds.), Race in cyberspace (pp. 133-150). Routledge: New York.
65.
Srinivasan, R. ( 2006). Where information society and community voice intersect . The Information Society, 22(5), 355-365.
66.
Stoecker, R. ( 2005). Research methods for community change: A project-based approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
67.
Tardieu, B. ( 1999). Computer as community memory: How people in very poor neighborhoods made a computer their own. In D. A. Schön, B. Sanyal, & W. J. Michell (Eds.), High technology and low-income communities: Prospects for the positive use of advanced information technology (pp. 287-313). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
68.
Wang, C. ( 1999). Photovoice: A participatory action research strategy applied to women’s health. Journal of Women’s Health, 8(2), 185-192.
69.
Wang, H., & Wellman, B. ( 2010). Social connectivity in America: Changes in adult friendship network size from 2002 to 2007. American Behavioral Scientist , 53(8), 1148-1169.
70.
Warschauer, M. ( 2003). Technology and social inclusion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
71.
Wellman, B. ( 1979). The community question. American Journal of Sociology, 84, 1201-1231.
72.
Wellman, B., & Haythornthwaite, C. (Eds.). (2002). The Internet in everyday life. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
73.
Wellman, B., Salaff, J., Dimitrova, D., Garton, L., Gulia, M., & Haythornthwaite, C. (1996). Computer networks as social networks: Collaborative work, telework, and virtual community. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 213-238.
74.
Williams, D., Ducheneaut, N., Xiong, L., Zhang, Y., Yee, N., & Nickell, Y. ( 2006). From tree house to barracks: The social life of guilds in World of Warcraft. Games and Culture, 1(4), 338-361.
75.
Williams, K., & Durrance, J.C. (2008). Social networks and social capital: Rethinking theory in community informaticsJournal of Community Informatics, 4(3). Available at http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/465 (accessed January 14, 2010)