Various governmental and one nongovernmental public diplomacy efforts are outlined in this descriptive essay that focuses on the importance of open communication at the grassroots level as a requisite for the establishment of meaningful and sustaining relationships and the development of trust. State Department-sponsored visits to Russia, Uzbekistan, Azerbajain, and Turkmenistan are described and challenges noted, as well as the background and initial phases of the first grassroots effort after 9/11—the Saudi American Exchange.
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