This article has two objectives. One is to explain how, in the current international relations environment, the trend of global democratization is producing, ironically, the opposite trend of ethnic fragmentation of the multinational state and how this tension is resulting in new sources of international conflict. The other is to analyze the way in which, as a result of the aforementioned trends, local conflicts within the nation-states are representing a challenge to the nation-state as we know it. Taking advantage of the democratization wave, ethnic groups have launched, some with violence, some peacefully, a quest for emancipation, which constitutes a threat to the idea of the unitary nation-state and asks questions about the nature of civil society.
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