The topic of science and human rights encompasses dozens of issues and involves scientists and scientific organizations in all corners of the globe. This article examines four of these issues and touches on the specific activities of scientists and scientific organizations in a number of geographic areas. The article is divided into four sections: the scientist as human rights activist, the scientist as human rights victim, the scientist as human rights abuser, and the application of science to human rights work.
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References
1.
1. Albert Einstein, Speech delivered at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 1931.
2.
2. Scientists and Human Rights in Chile: Report of a Delegation (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1985).
3.
3. Carol Corillon, ed., Scientists and Human Rights in Somalia: Report of a Delegation (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1988).
4.
4. Violations of Human Rights in Syria: How Medical Professionals Can Help (Washington, DC: Amnesty International, USA, 1983).
5.
5. Violations of Human Rights in Syria: Imprisonment of Engineers (Washington, DC: Amnesty International, USA, 1983).
7. Soviet Psychiatric Leaders (Amsterdam: International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, n.d.).
8.
8. Francisco Rivas Larrain, “Doctor Torturers Penalized by Their Professional Body in a Country Where Torture Is Practised,”Danish Medical Bulletin, 34(4):191 (Aug. 1987).
9.
9. Mahboob Mehdi, “Torture in the Medical Scene of Pakistan” (Paper delivered at “Medicine at Risk,” Amnesty International Seminar, Paris, France, 19-21 Jan. 1989).
10.
10. Resolution on Physician Participation in Capital Punishment, adopted by the Thirty-fourth World Medical Assembly of the World Medical Association, Lisbon, Portugal, 29 Sept. 1981.
11.
11. Patrick Huyghe, “No Bone Unturned,”Discover, Dec. 1988, p. 45.
12.
12. Ibid., p. 45.
13.
13. Ibid.
14.
14. “At the AAAS,”New Scientist, 28 Jan. 1989, p. 29.
15.
15. “The Minnesota Protocol: Preventing Arbitrary Killing through an Adequate Death Investigation and Autopsy” (Report, Minnesota Lawyers International Human Rights Committee, Subcommittee on Inquiry Procedures, June 1987).
16.
16. Ibid., p. 15.
17.
17. Elie Wiesel, Speech delivered at the Nobel ceremony, Oslo, Norway, 10 Dec. 1986, quoted in “Wiesel's Speech at Nobel Ceremony,”New York Times, 11 Dec. 1986.
