This article briefly summarizes the scope of the Fulbright scholarship program. A biographical sketch of J. William Fulbright indicates how his experiences before he ran for public office and his activities and concerns as a representative and senator shaped the origin of the exchange program. In some depth the article examines the strategy Fulbright employed to produce a politically palatable bill and his tactics of quietly pushing the proposal through to enactment. More than most pieces of congressional legislation, the Fulbright exchange program is the product of the efforts of one man, Senator Fulbright.
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References
1.
Don Oberdorfer , “Common Noun Spelled f-u-l-b-r-i-g-h-t,”New York Times, 4 Apr. 1965.
2.
“Fulbright Scholar Program: Faculty Grants, 1987-1988” (Pamphlet, Council for International Exchange of Scholars, 1986).
3.
Haynes Johnson and Bernard M. Gwertzman, Fulbright: The Dissenter (New York: Doubleday, 1968), pp. 12-41.
4.
Mary Lynn Kennedy , “Politics in Academe: Roberta Fulbright's Role in Her Son's University Presidency” (Paper in possession of author, Fayetteville, AR., 1975), pp. 1-15.
5.
5. Johnson and Gwertzman, Fulbright: The Dissenter, pp. 53-58.
6.
Beverly Smith, Jr. , “Egghead from the Ozarks,”Saturday Evening Post, 2 May 1959, pp. 31 ff.
7.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 July 1944.
8.
8. Johnson and Gwertzman, Fulbright: The Dissenter, pp. 89-106; Fulbright to John Gunther, 24 May 1945, Fulbright Papers.
9.
Manuel Espinosa , Inter-American Beginnings of United States Cultural Diplomacy, 1936-1948 (Washington, DC: Department of State, 1976), pp. vii, 1-17, 79.
10.
Report from the Committee on Education and Labor, Report No. 286, 25 May 1945 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1945).
11.
Congressional Record , 79th Cong., 1st sess., 30 Apr. 1945, pp. 3943-3944.
12.
Congressional Record , 79th Cong., 1st sess., 27 Sept. 1945, p. 9044.
13.
U.S., Congress, Senate, Committee on Military Affairs , Foreign Educational Benefits and Surplus Property: Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Military Affairs on S. 1440 and S. 1636 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1946), pp. 1-2.
14.
Hoover to Fulbright, 8 Feb. 1946, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Papers, Special Collections Mullins Library, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville; Fulbright to Hoover, 8 July 1957, ibid.
15.
idem , Foreign Educational Benefits and Surplus Property, Report No. 1039, 12 Mar. 1946 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1946), pp. 1-11.
16.
Oberdorfer, “Noun,” p. 82.
17.
Pathfinder, 28 Aug. 1946, in Fulbright Papers.
18.
J. William Fulbright , “Statement,” 1 Aug. 1946, Fulbright Papers; Francis Colligan to Mrs. Williams, 10 Oct. 1967, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Papers.
19.
Committee on Military Affairs , Foreign Educational Benefits and Surplus Property: Hearing before a Subcommittee, pp. 31-34.
20.
20. Oberdorfer, “Noun,” pp. 80, 82.
21.
Douglas Cater , “World Progress through Educational Exchange: The Story of a Conference” (Pamphlet, Institute of International Relations, 1959), p. 9.
