The Child Athlete: Psychological Implications of Participation in Sport

Abstract

This article is directed at those parents and other adults who are responsible for the design and philos ophy of the competitive sports program for the 30 million of our children who are now actively competing. It is hoped that by pointing out a number of the important dangers present in competitive sports, certain psychological and social traumas may be reduced. A review of the structure and social aims of most children's sports programs forces us to pose the question, "Is the sports experience really child centered or are we imposing a model for participation derived from our observation of professional sports?" If the sports activity is to be child centered, we must remind parents, coaches, and fans that the rewards for the child must be determined on the basis of their intrinsic needs. An attempt is made to prepare parents and coaches to be more objective in their determination of the child's readi ness to compete in highly demanding athletic programs. Psychological, social, and physical readiness are reviewed. Particular attention is directed to the psychological threats imposed upon the child who does not receive this level of our concern. Recommendations are offered as to how the sports experience can enhance the child's image and form the basis for sound mental hygiene and increased joy.