Between Party Battalions and Committee Suzerainty

Abstract

President Nixon's challenge to congressional authority in the early months of 1973 stimulated critical review of how Congress does its work. As Lord Bryce observed long ago, of the three methods to facilitate the operation of large assemblies, the United States has emphasized development of a strong committee system. While providing many advantages, Bryce noted that the system also tends to lessen cohesion, reduce responsibility and lower public interest in legislative proceedings. This article questions whether the committee system accommodates the new political realities of frequently split party control between Congress and the White House. It argues that changes should be made to increase the authority and visibility of party leaders so that presidential programs might be challenged more coherently in Congress. Specific changes are suggested to that end—changes which seek to maintain the advantages of the committee system, while reducing its disadvantages.