Education Policy in Support of Boys and Men

Bassok Daphna Lathan Scott Rorem Anna . 2016. Is kindergarten the new first grade? AERA Open 2 (1): 2332858415616358.

Bassok Daphna Reardon Sean F. 2013. “Academic redshirting” in kindergarten: Prevalence, patterns, and implications. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 35 (3): 283–297.

California Department of Education. n.d. Preschool through third grade (P–3) learning progressions: Language and literacy development. Available from https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/p3/documents/p3learnprogressionslld.pdf.

California Department of Education. 2021. The powerful role of play in early education. Available from https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/documents/powerfulroleofplay.pdf.

California Department of Education. 2022. Creating equitable early learning environments for young boys of color: Disrupting disproportionate outcomes. Available from https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/Re/documents/boysofcolor.pdf.

California Department of Education. 30 December 2025a. California Community Schools Partnership Program. Available from https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/hs/ccspp.asp.

California Department of Education. 24 March 2025b. Golden State Pathways Program: Provides an overview of the Golden State Pathways Program established in 2022. Available from https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/hs/gspp.asp.

California Department of Education. 7 February 2025c. 21st CCLC description: Description of the 21st Century Community Learning Centers (CCLC). Available from https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/ex/desc21stcclc.asp.

Darling-Hammond Linda Barron Brigid Pearson P. David Schoenfeld Alan H. Stage Elizabeth K. Zimmerman Timothy D. Cervetti Gina N. Tilson Jennifer L. 2008. Powerful learning: What we know about teaching for understanding. Jossey-Bass.

Dee Thomas S. 2007. Teachers and the gender gaps in student achievement. Journal of Human Resources 42 (3): 528–554.

Executive Department of the State of California. 30 July 2025. Executive Order N-31-25. Available from https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-7-30.Men-and-Boys-Workgroup-EO.ATTESTED.pdf.

Geary David C. 2024. The evolved male in the modern classroom. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 716:56–68.

Gilliam Walter S. 2005. Prekindergarteners left behind: Expulsion rates in state prekindergartener programs. Policy Brief 3. Foundation for Child Development. Available from www.fcd-us.org.

Jenkins Jade Marcus Fortner C. Kevin . 2025. Forced to redshirt: Quasi-experimental impacts of delayed kindergarten entry. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 18 (3): 447–473.

Kidder Tracy . 1989. Among schoolchildren. Avon Books.

Office for Civil Rights. 2020–2021. K–12 student discipline statistics from the Civil Rights Data Collection. U.S. Department of Education. Available from https://civilrightsdata.ed.gov.

Sartain Lauren Freire Silvana Easton John Q. Diaz Briana . 2023. When girls outperform boys: The gender gap in high school math grades. Annenberg Institute at Brown University EdWorkingPaper 23-707, Providence, RI.

Swain Walker Leung-Gagné Melanie Maier Anna Rubinstein Cassandra . 2025. Community schools impact on student outcomes: Evidence from California. Learning Policy Institute. Available from learningpolicyinstitute.org.