Elite Collusion and Dismantling Democracy in Benin

Abstract

After 25 years of successful experience with democracy, Benin entered a phase of democratic backsliding after President Patrice Talon came to power in 2016. According to multiple measures, Benin’s democracy declined continuously between 2016 and 2023. This article highlights how the complacency and weakness of elites in Benin created an environment in which democracy deteriorated. Notably, the influence—or lack of influence—of elites resulted in limited competitiveness of the electoral process and worsening freedom of expression and assembly. Better cooperation of opposition forces in 2023 has helped to halt further backsliding, but it has not reversed the decline.