BeckettKatherineHerbertSteve. 2009. Banished: The new social control in urban America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
2.
BlumsteinAlfredBeckAllen J.2003. Population growth in U. S. prisons, 1980–1996. Crime and Justice26:17–61.
3.
BramanDonald. 2004. Doing time on the outside: Incarceration and family life in urban America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
4.
ButlerPaul. 1995. Racially based jury nullification: Black power in the criminal justice system. Yale Law Journal105 (3): 677–725.
5.
ClearTodd. 2007. Imprisoning communities: How mass incarceration makes disadvantaged neighborhoods worse. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
6.
ComfortMegan. 2008. Doing time together: Love and family in the shadow of the prison. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
7.
DeStefanoAnthony M.7May2013. NYPD use of stop and frisk declines, as does the number of shootings. Newsday.
8.
FaganJeffrey A.GellerAmandaDaviesGarthWestValerie. 2010. Street stops and broken windows revisited: The demography and logic of proactive policing in a safe and changing city. In Race, ethnicity, and policing: New and essential readings, eds. RiceStephen K.WhiteMichael D., 309–48. New York, NY: New York University Press.
9.
GellerAmandaCooperCarey E.GarfinkelIrwinSchwartz-SoicherOfiraMincyRonald B.2012. Beyond absenteeism: Father incarceration and child development. Demography49:49–76.
10.
GoffmanAlice. 2009. On the run: Wanted men in a Philadelphia ghetto. American Sociological Review74:339–57.
11.
GottschalkMarie. 2006. The prison and the gallows: The politics of mass incarceration in America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
12.
HawkenAngelaKleimanMark. 2007. H.O.P.E. for reform. American Prospect. Available from prospect.org.
13.
JohnsonRuckerRaphaelSteven. 2009. The effects of male incarceration dynamics on acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection rates among African American women and men. Journal of Law and Economics52:251–93.
14.
KirkDavid S.SampsonRobert J.2013. Juvenile arrest and collateral damage in the transition to adulthood. Sociology of Education86:36–62.
15.
KlingJeffrey R.2006. Incarceration length, employment, and earnings. American Economic Review96:863–76.
16.
LermanAmy. 2013. The modern prison paradox: Politics, punishment, and American community. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
17.
LermanAmyWeaverVesla. Forthcoming. Arresting citizenship: The democratic consequences of American crime control. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
18.
LermanAmyWeaverVeslaIncantalupoMatt. n.d. Re-estimating race: How incarceration biases studies of black/white political attitudes and how we should fix it. Unpublished manuscript.
19.
LevittSteven D.1996. The effect of prison population size on crime rates: Evidence from prison overcrowding litigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics111:319–51.
20.
LoefflerCharles E.2013. Does imprisonment alter the life course? Evidence on crime and employment from a natural experiment. Criminology51:137–66.
21.
LopooLeonard M.WesternBruce. 2005. Incarceration and the formation and stability of marital unions. Journal of Marriage and Family67:721–34.
22.
LynchJames P.SabolWilliam J.2004. Assessing the effects of mass incarceration on informal social control in communities. Criminology and Public Policy3:267–94.
23.
ManzaJeffUggenChristopher. 2006. Locked out: Felon disenfranchisement and American democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
24.
MarshallThomas Humphrey. 1950. Citizenship and social class: And other essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25.
MassogliaMichael. 2008. Incarceration, health, and racial disparities in health. Law and Society Review42:275–306.
26.
NatapoffAlexandra. 2012. Misdemeanors. Southern California Law Review85:1–69.
27.
NovakWilliam. 2008. The myth of the “weak” American state. American Historical Review113:752–72.
28.
PageJoshua. 2011. The toughest beat: Politics, punishment, and the prison officers union in California. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
29.
PagerDevah. 2003. The mark of a criminal record. American Journal of Sociology108:937–75.
30.
PattersonEvelyn J.2010. Incarcerating death: Mortality in U.S. state correctional facilities, 1985–1998. Demography47:587–607.
31.
PetersonRuth D.KrivoLauren J.2010. Divergent social worlds: Neighborhood crime and the racial-spatial divide. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
32.
PettitBecky. 2012. Invisible men: Mass incarceration and the myth of black progress. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
33.
RobertsDorothy E.2004. The social and moral cost of mass incarceration in African American communities. Stanford Law Review56:1271–1305.
34.
SampsonRobert J.LoefflerCharles. 2010. Punishment’s place: The local concentration of mass incarceration. Daedalus139:20–31.
35.
SchnittkerJasonJohnAndrew. 2007. Enduring stigma: The long-term effects of incarceration on health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior48:115–30.
36.
SimonJonathan. 2007. Governing through crime: How the war on crime transformed American Democracy and created a culture of fear. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
37.
WakefieldSaraWildemanChristopher. 2013. Children of the prison boom: Mass incarceration and the future of American inequality. New York: Oxford University Press.
38.
WalsheSadhbh. 19December2012. Breaking the hold of corporate welfare on America’s incarceration industry. The Guardian.
39.
WeaverVesla M.2012. The significance of policy failures in political development: The law enforcement assistance administration and the growth of the carceral state. In Living legislation: Durability, change, and the politics of American lawmaking, eds. JenkinsJefferyPatashnikEric M., 221–54. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
40.
WeaverVeslaLermanAmy. 2010. Political consequences of the carceral state. American Political Science Review104:817–33.
41.
WesternBruce. 2006. Punishment and inequality in America. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
42.
WesternBruceBeckettKatherine. 1999. How unregulated is the U.S. labor market? The penal system as a labor market institution. American Journal of Sociology104:1030–60.
43.
WesternBruceMullerChristopher. 2013. Mass incarceration, macrosociology, and the poor. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science647:166–89.
44.
WesternBruceWildemanChristopher. 2009. The black family and mass incarceration. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science621:221–42.
45.
WheatonSarah. 8May2013. For first time on record, black voting rate outpaced rate for whites in 2012. New York Times.
46.
WildemanChristopher. 2009. Parental imprisonment, the prison boom, and the concentration of childhood disadvantage. Demography46:265–80.
47.
WildemanChristopher. 2010. Paternal incarceration and children’s physically aggressive behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Social Forces89:285–309.
48.
WildemanChristopherMullerChristopher. 2012. Mass imprisonment and inequality in health and family life. Annual Review of Law and Social Science8:11–30.
49.
WildemanChristopherSchnittkerJasonTurneyKristin. 2012. Despair by association? The mental health of mothers with children by recently incarcerated fathers. American Sociological Review77:216–43.
