The “new American city” is composed of many parts, including downtowns of primary cities whose contents have changed over the past fifty years as a new paradigm about their functions has emerged. Housing has increasingly played an important role, as seen in earlier studies documenting the rise of this phenomenon. A contextual explanation for increases in downtown residential populations and updated data on current levels help assess the effects of this change on the area.
Abbott, C.1993. Five strategies for downtown. Journal of Policy History5:5-27.
2.
Bacon, E.1960. Review of residential renewal in the urban core. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science331:138.
3.
Birch, E.2002. Having a longer view on downtown living. Journal of the American Planning Association68 (1): 5-21.
4.
Birch, E.2005. Who lives downtown?Washington, DC : Brookings Institution, Center for Metropolitan Policy .
5.
Breese, G.W.1949. The daytime population of the central business district of Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy and The Fannie Mae Foundation.1998. A Rise in Downtown Living. Washington, DC.
7.
Center City District and Central Philadelphia Development Corporation.2007. Planning for growth: West Market and JFK Boulevard. April. Philadelphia: Center City District and Central Philadelphia Development Corporation.
8.
Center City District and Central Philadelphia Development Corporation.2009. State of center city 2009. April. Philadelphia: Center City District and Central Philadelphia Development Corporation.
9.
Central Atlanta Progress.2008. Downtown Atlanta living. Atlanta, GA: Central Atlanta Progress.
10.
Downtown DC Business Improvement District.2006. State of Downtown 2006. Washington, DC.
11.
Firey, W.1947. Land use in central Boston. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12.
Fogelson, R.M.2001. Downtown, its rise and fall. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
13.
Frieden, B., and L. Sagalyn.1988. Downtown, Inc. How America rebuilds cities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press .
14.
Gratz, R.1998. Cities back from the edge, new life for downtown. With N. Mintz. New York: John Wiley.
15.
Gruen, V.1964. The heart of our cities, the urban crisis; diagnosis and cure. New York: Simon & Shuster .
16.
Hoyt, H.1933. One hundred years of land values in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17.
International Downtown Association.2008. San Antonio IDA Panel Report. May 3-6. Accessed at http://www.ci.sat.tx.us/pdf/SAIDAReport.pdf
18.
Isenberg, A.2004. Downtown: A history of the place and the people who made it. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
19.
Jacobs, J.1957. Downtown is for people. In The exploding metropolis, ed. the Editors of Fortune.New York: Doubleday.
20.
Jacobs J.1961Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
21.
Katz, B.2008. MetroPolicy: A new partnership for a metropolitan nation. Address to the Summit for American Prosperity, Washington, DC, June 12.
22.
Kneebone, Elizabeth.2009. Job sprawl revisited: The changing geography of metropolitan employment. April. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
Mitchell, R., and C. Rapkin.1954. Urban traffic: A function of land use . New York: Columbia University Press.
25.
Orfield, M.2002. American Metropolitics: The New Suburban Reality. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press.
26.
Park, R., and E. Burgess.1925. The city. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
27.
Rannells, J.1956. The core of the city. New York: Columbia University Press.
28.
Rapkin, C., and W. Grigsby.1960. Residential renewal in the urban core: An analysis of the demand for housing in center city Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
29.
Sassen, S.1991. The global city, New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
30.
TWR Specialized Research.2009. A case for investing in US apartments. March. Boston: CB Richard Ellis.
31.
Urban Institute.2008. Executive summary Uptown and South End data for Center City Partners. November 19. Charlotte: University of North Carolina.
32.
U.S. Census Bureau.1984. Census of retail trade 1982. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
33.
U.S. Census Bureau.1991 and 2007. American Housing Survey. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www./housing/ahs/ahs.html
34.
U.S. Conference of Mayors.2008. U.S. metro economies. Washington, DC: U.S. Conference of Mayors.
35.
Wallace, D.2004. Planning my way. Chicago: APA Planners Press.
