Child Trends.2008. Percentage of births to unmarried women. Child Trends Data Bank. http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/pdf/75_PDF.pdf .
2.
Coontz, Stephanie.1992. The way we never were: American families and the nostalgia trap. New York: Basic Books.
3.
Fitch, Chatherine, and Steven Ruggles.2000. Historical trends in marriage formation . In Ties that bind: Perspectives on marriage and cohabitation , ed. Linda Waite, Christine Bachrach, Michelle Hindin, Elizabeth Thomson, and Arland Thornton, 59-88. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
4.
Fogel, Robert William, and Stanley L. Engerman .1974. Time on the cross: The economics of American Negro slavery. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown.
5.
Genovese, Eugene D.1974. Roll, Jordon roll: The world the slaves made. New York: Pantheon.
6.
Gutman, Herbert.1977. The black family in slavery and freedom, 1750-1925 . New York: Vintage Books.
7.
McLanahan, Sara, and Gary Sandefur.1994. Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8.
Patterson, Orlando.1999. Rituals of blood: Consequences of slavery in two American centuries. New York: Basic Civitas .
9.
Ryan, William.1965. Savage discovery: The Moynihan Report. The Nation201 (November 22): 380-84.
10.
Sampson, Robert J., Stephen Raudenbush, and Felton Earls.1997. Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science277:918-24.
11.
Zedlewski, Sheila R., Sandra J. Clark, Eric Meier, and Keith Watson.1996. Potential effects of congressional welfare reform legislation on family incomes. Urban Institute , July 26. http://www.urban.org/publications/406622.html .