Abstract
Three theses common to Jurgen Habermas's 'Universal Pragmatics' and K. O. Apel's 'Transcendental Pragmatics' are examined and related wews of the Erlangen School considered (1) that there are valid 'transcendental' arguments, (2) that four validity claims concerning intelligibility truth, nghtness and truthfulness are presupposed in all argumentative discourse and entail the concept of an ideal community of discourse as something which ought to be realmed, and (3) a consensus theory of truth, reality and nghtness Thesis 3 and the larger part of 2 are rejected A non-classical version of 'transcendental' arguments is proposed, assuming the existence of elementary, established knowledge of realny as a foundation for science.
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