Abstract
A general philosophical analysis of measurement is proposed, using the concept of a theoretical domain. A theoretical domain consists of units of analysis, environments within which the theory is supposed to hold, a substantive focus described by a set of concepts, and a set of functional forms of relations between concepts. A spanning set of concepts for a domain is a set in which all the relations of a domain can be stated. A causal locus in a domain is a set of variables which occupy the same place in all statements of laws within the domain. The problem of measurements is to find observable variables which occupy all the distinct causal loci of a domain.
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