Integration of ethnic minorities into society is often operationalized as participation in various societal institutions. Examples are cultural, political and labour participation. On the basis of the theoretical concepts of social and cultural capital as proposed by sociologists Bourdieu and Coleman, it is often hypothesized that greater parental participation in society will generally lead to a better educational position for the children of such parents. To test this hypothesis, descriptive and multi-level analyses were conducted using data from the Dutch cohort study Primary Education. The sample included information on nearly 11,000 kindergarten students (6-year-olds) from almost 600 primary schools. In the analyses, ethnic minority parents and their children were compared to native Dutch parents and their children. After controlling for parental socio-economic and ethnic background, the results showed an effect of cultural participation only on language and mathematics skills. No effects on non-cognitive outcomes, such as social position, individual well-being or self-confidence, were found.
Becker, J. and de Wit, J. (2000) Secularisatie in de Jaren Negentig. Kerklidmaatschap, Veranderingen in Opvattingen en een Prognose. Den Haag: SCP.
2.
Berry, J. (2003) ‘Conceptual Approaches to Acculturation’, in K. Chun, P. Balls Organista and G. Marín (eds) Acculturation. Advances in Theory, Measurement, and Applied Research, pp. 17–37. Washington, DC: APA.
3.
Bosker, R., Mulder, L. and Glas, C. (2001) Naar een Nieuwe Gewichtenregeling? Den Haag: Onderwijsraad.
4.
Brubaker, R. (2001) ‘The Return of Assimilation? Changing Perspectives on Immigration and its Sequels in France, Germany, and the United States’, Ethnic and Racial Studies24: 531–548.
5.
Cohen, J. (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
6.
Dagevos, J., Gijsberts, M. and van Praag, C. (eds) (2003) Rapportage Minderheden 2003. Onderwijs, Arbeid en Sociaal-culturele Integratie. Den Haag: SCP.
7.
de Hart, J. (ed.) (2002) Zekere Banden. Sociale Cohesie, Leefbaarheid en Veiligheid. Den Haag: SCP.
8.
Dijkstra, A. and Veenstra, R. (2000) ‘Functionele Gemeenschappen, Godsdienstigheid en Prestaties in het Voortgezet Onderwijs’, Mens & Maatschappij 75: 129–50.
9.
Driessen, G. (1993) ‘Achtergronden van Onderwijsprestaties. De Rol van Gezinsstructurele en Gezinspedagogische Kenmerken’, Stimulans 11: 14–17.
10.
Driessen, G. (2001) ‘Ethnicity, Forms of Capital, and Educational Achievement’, International Review of Education47: 513–537.
11.
Driessen, G. (2005) ‘Effecten van de Feminisering van het Basisonderwijs: Opinies of Feiten?’, Pedagogiek 25: 40–58.
12.
Driessen, G. and Doesborgh, J. (2003) Voor- en Vroegschoolse Educatie en Cognitieve en Niet-cognitieve Competenties van Jonge Kinderen. Nijmegen: ITS.
13.
Driessen, G., van Langen, A. and Vierke, H. (2000) Basisonderwijs: Veldwerkverslag, Leerlinggegevens en Oudervragenlijsten. Basisrapportage PRIMA-Cohortonderzoek. Derde Meting 1998/99. Nijmegen: ITS.
14.
Driessen, G., Doesborgh, J., Ledoux, G., van der Veen, I. and Vergeer, M. (2003) Sociale Integratie in het Primair Onderwijs. Nijmegen/Amsterdam: ITS/SCO-Kohnstamm Instituut.
15.
Entzinger, H. (2000) ‘The Dynamics of Integration Policies: A Multidimensional Model’, in R. Koopmans and P. Statham (eds) Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics: Comparative European Perspectives, pp. 97–118. New York: Oxford University Press.
16.
Entzinger, H. and Biezeveld, R. (2003) Benchmarking in Immigrant Integration. Rotterdam: Erasmus University.
17.
Fennema, M., Tillie, J., van Heelsum, A., Berger, M. and Wolff, R. (2000) Sociaal Kapitaal en Politieke Participatie van Etnische Minderheden. Amsterdam: IMES.
18.
Gillborn, D. and Gipps, C. (1996) Recent Research on the Achievement of Ethnic Minority Pupils. London: OFSTED.
19.
Gordon, M. (1964) Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.
20.
Gorard, S., Rees, G. and Salisbury, J. (1999) ‘Reappraising the Apparent Underachievement of Boys at School’, Gender and Education11: 441–454.
21.
Hagendoorn, L., Veenman, J. and Vollebergh, W. (2003) ‘Cultural Orientation and Socio-economic Integration of Immigrants in the Netherlands’, in L. Hagendoorn, J. Veenman and W. Vollebergh (eds) Integrating Immigrants in the Netherlands. Cultural Versus Socio-economic Integration, pp. 1–15. Aldershot: Ashgate.
22.
Jencks, C. and Mayer, S. (1990) ‘The Social Consequences of Growing Up in a Poor Neighborhood’, in L. Lynn J. and M. McGeary (eds) Inner-city Poverty in the United States, pp. 111–186. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
23.
Koopmans, R. and Statham, P. (eds) (2000) Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics: Comparative European Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
24.
Lesthaeghe, R. (ed.) (2000) Communities and Generations. Turkish and Moroccan Populations in Belgium. Brussels: VUB University Press.
25.
MinJus (2004) Jaarnota Integratiebeleid 2004. Den Haag: Ministerie van Jusititie.
26.
MinOCW (2000) Actieplan Cultuurbereik. Zoetermeer: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschappen.
27.
Odé, A. (2002) Ethnic-Cultural and Socio-economic Integration in the Netherlands. A Comparative Study of Mediterranean and Caribbean Minority Groups. Assen: Van Gorcum.
28.
Oomens, S., Driessen, G. and Scheepers, P. (2003) ‘Integratie van Allochtone Ouders en Onderwijsprestaties van hun Kinderen: Enkele Allochtone Groepen Vergeleken’, Tijdschrift voor Sociologie 24: 289–311.
29.
Penninx, R. (2005) ‘Integration of Migrants: Economic, Social, Cultural and Political Dimensions’, in M. Macura, A. McDonald and W. Haug (eds) The New Demographic Regime. Population Challenges and Policy Responses, pp. 137–151. Geneva: United Nations.
30.
Portes, A. and Rumbaut, R. (1996) Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
31.
Prins, B. and Slijper, B. (2002) ‘Multicultural Society Under Attack: Introduction’, Journal of International Migration and Integration3: 313–328.
32.
Snijders, T. and Bosker, R. (1999) Multilevel Analysis. An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage.
33.
Tesser, P. and Mulder, L. (1990) ‘Cultureel Kapitaal en Schoolprestaties’, in C. Klaassen and P. Jungbluth (eds) Onderwijs Research Dagen 1990. Onderwijs en Samenleving, pp. 39–51. Nijmegen: ITS.
34.
Tweede Kamer (2003) Rapportage Integratiebeleid Etnische Minderheden. Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal. Vergaderjaar 2003–2004, 29203, nrs. 1–2. 's-Gravenhage: Sdu Uitgevers.
35.
van het Loo, M., de Spiegeleire, S., Lindstrom, G., Kahan, J. and Vernez, G. (2001) A Comparison of American and Dutch Immigration and Integration Experiences. What Lessons Can Be Learned?The Hague: WRR.
36.
Vermeulen, H. and Penninx, R. (eds) (2000) Immigrant Integration: The Dutch Case. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
37.
WRR (2001) Nederland als Immigratiesamenleving. Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers.
38.
Zhou, M. (1997) ‘Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation’, International Migration Review31: 975–1008.
