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Abstract

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En el presente trabajo se describen los principales procesos psicológicos a través de los cuales las emociones influyen sobre el cambio de actitudes. La primera parte de la presente revisión se ocupa de la relación entre emoción y cognición, en ella se describen cómo las emociones influyen sobre la forma en que se procesa la información persuasiva (e.g., afectando a la cantidad y dirección de pensamientos generados ante una propuesta). A continuación, se examina cómo las emociones pueden cambiar no sólo los pensamientos que vienen a la mente, sino también lo que pensamos sobre dichos pensamientos (meta-cognición). La investigación meta-cognitiva revisada demuestra que las emociones pueden hacer que las personas confíen o desconfíen tanto de lo que piensan como de lo que sienten. En concreto, varios paradigmas experimentales sugieren que las emociones pueden validar o invalidar a otras emociones (e.g., sentirse triste de sentir alegría) y pensamientos (e.g., sentir ira de pensar algo). Por otra parte, no sólo las emociones, sino también los pensamientos pueden validar o invalidar lo que se piensa y lo que se siente (e.g., en función de la facilidad con la que los pensamientos y emociones vienen a la mente).

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Emoción y meta-cognición: implicaciones para el cambio de actitud

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