En este trabajo se pretende dar cuenta de los últimos adelantos en el campo de los procesos relacionados con la comprensión del lenguaje y los potenciales evocados. Estos han mostrado ser herramientas útiles para el estudio de dichos procesos. Para ello se revisan una serie de estudios relacionados con los componentes que clásicamente han venido recibiendo una mayor atención. Así, el Potencial de Reconocimiento y la N400, parecen guardar relación con aspectos semánticos. Por otro lado, la Negatividad Izquierda Anterior Temprana y la P600 estarían más relacionados con los sintácticos. También se mencionan otros componentes, como la P300 y algunos que ha recibido menor atención.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbdullaevY. G.PosnerM. I. (1998). Event-related brain potential imaging of semantic encoding during processing single words.Neuroimage, 7, 1–13.
2.
AltmannG.ShillcockR. (1993). Cognitive Models of Speech Processing: The Second Sperlonga Meeting.Hove, UK: Erlbaum.
3.
AltmannG. (1997). The ascent of Babel. An Exploration of language, Mind and Understanding.Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
4.
BelinchónM.IgoaJ. M.RiviereA. (1992). Psicología del lenguaje. Investigación y teoría.Madrid: Editorial Trotta.
5.
CabezaR.NybergL. (1997). Imaging cognition: An empirical review of PET studies with normal subjects.Journal of Cognitive Neurosciences, 9, 1, 1–26.
6.
CaplanD. (1996). Language: structure, processing, and disorders.Cambridge: MTI Press.
7.
CarretiéL.IglesiasJ. (1990). Guía para el registro psicofisiológico de los potenciales evocados.Evaluación Psicológica, 6, 1, 91–115.
ColesM. G.H.RuggM. D. (1995). Event-related brain potentials: An introduction.RuggEn M. D.ColesM. G. H. (Eds.), Electrophysiology of Mind. Event-Related Brain Potentials and Cognition.Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
10.
CheeM. W. L.O'cravenK. M.BergidaR.RosenB. R.SavoyR. L. (1999). Auditory and visual word processing studied with fMRI.Human Brain Mapping, 7, 15–28.
11.
Dehaene-LambertzG. (1997). Electrophysiological correlates of categorical phoneme perception in adults.Neuroreport, 8, 919–24.
12.
EimasP. D.SiquelandE. R.JusczykP.VigoritoJ. (1971). Speech perception in infants.Science, 171, 303–6.
13.
EulitzC.MaebB.PantevC.FriedericiA. D.FeigeB. E. (1996). Oscillatory neuromagnetic activity induced by language and non-language stimuli.Cognitive Brain Research, 4, 121–132.
14.
FolmerR. L.YinglingC. D. (1997). Auditory P3 responses to name stimuli.Brain and Language, 56, 306–11.
15.
FosterK. I. (1976). Accesing the mental lexicon.WallesEn R. J.WalkerE. C. T. (Eds.), New approaches to language mechanisms.Amsterdam: North Holland.
16.
FraizerL. (1987). Sentence processing: A tutorial review.ColtheartEn M. (Ed.), Attention and Perfomance XXII (pp. 559–86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
17.
FriedericiA. DPfeiferE.HahneA. (1993). Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: effects of semantic, morphological, and syntactic violations.Cognitive Brain Research, 1, 183–92.
18.
FriedericiA. D. (1995). The time course of syntactic activation during language processing: a model based on neuropsychological data.Brain and Language, 50, 259–81.
19.
FriedericiA. D.HahneA.MecklingerA. (1996). Temporal structure of syntactic parsing: early and late event-related brain potential effects.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 22 (5), 1219–48.
20.
FriedericiA. D. (1997). Neurophysiological aspects of language processing.Clinical Neurosciences, 4, 64–72.
21.
GarnseyS. M. (1993). Event-related brain potentials in the study of language: an introduction.Language and Cognitive Processes, 8 (4), 337–56.
22.
GomesH.RitterW.TartterV. C.VaughanH. G.Jry RosenJ. J. (1997). Lexical processing of visually and auditory presented nouns and verbs: evidence from reaction time and N400 priming data.Cognitive Brain Research, 6 (2), 121–34.
23.
GrosjeanFFrauenfelderU. H. (1997). A Guide to Spoken Word recognition paradigms. Special issue of Language Cognitive Processes.Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
24.
GunterT. C.JacksonJ. L.MulderG. (1992). An electrophys iological study of semantic processing in young and middle-aged academics.Psychophysiology, 29, 38–54.
25.
GunterT. C.JacksonJ. L.MulderG. (1996). Language, memory and aging. An electrophysiological exploration of the N400 during reading of memory-demanding sentences.Psychophysiology, 32, 215–229.
HagoortP.BrownC.GroothusenJ. (1993). The syntactic positive shift as an ERP measure of syntactic processing.Language and Cognition Processes, 8, 439–83.
28.
HolcombP. J.NevilleH. (1990). Auditory and visual semantic priming in lexical decision: a comparison using event-related brain potentials.Language and Cognitive Processes, 5, 281–312.
29.
HolcombP. J.NevilleH. (1991). Natural speech processing: An analysis using event-related brain potentials.Psychobiology, 19, 286–300.
30.
HolcombP. J.McphersonW. B. (1994). Event-related brain potentials reflect semantic priming in an object decision task.Brain and cognition, 24, 259–76.
31.
KingJ. W.JustM. A. (1991). Individual differences in syntantic processing: The role of working memory.Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 580–602.
32.
KingJ. W.KutasM. (1995). A brain potential whose latency indexes the length and frequency of words.Newsletter of the Center for Research in Language, 10 (2), 3–9.
33.
KingJ. W.KutasM. (1998). Neural plasticity in the dynamics of human visual word recognition.Neuroscience Letters, 244, 61–64.
34.
KluenderR. E. (1991). Cognitive constraits on variables in syntax. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, san Diego, La Jolla, cA.
35.
KurikiS.TakeuchiF.HirataY. (1998). Neural processing of words in the human extrastriate visual cortex.Cognitive Brain Research, 6, 193–203.
KutasM. (1997). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited during rapid serial visual presentation of congruous and incongruous sentences.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neuropsychology, 40 (suppl.), 406–11.
38.
KutasM.Van PettenC. (1988). Event-related potential studies of language.AcklesEn P. K.JenningsJ. R.ColesM. G. H. (Eds.), Advances in Psychophysiology (Vol.3, pp. 139–87). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
39.
KutasM.KingJ. W. (1996). The potentials for basic sentence processing: Differentiating integrative processes.IkedaEn I.McclellandJ. L. (Eds.), Attention and perfomance (vol.16, pp. 501–546), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
40.
KutasM. (1997). Views on how the electrical activity that the brain generates reflects the functions of different language structures.Psychophysiology, 39, 383–98.
41.
LeveltW. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From Intention to Articulation.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
42.
MartÍN-LoechesMHinojosaJ. A.Gomez-JaraboG.RubiaF. J. (1998). The recognition potential: an ERP index of lexical access.Brain and Language, en prensa.
43.
MccarthyG.NobreA. C.BentinS.SpencerD.D.(1995). Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe: I. Intracranial distribution and neural generators.Journal of Neurosciences, 15, 1080–89.
44.
MecklingerA.SchriefersH.SteinhauerK.FriedericiA. D. (1995). Processing relative clauses varying on syntactic and semantic variations: an analysis with event-related potentials.Memory and Cognition, 23, 477–94.
45.
MuellerH. M.KingJ. W.KutasM. (1997). Event-related potentials to relative clause processing in spoken sentences.Cognitive Brain Research, 5 (3), 193–203.
46.
MunteT. F.SzentkutiA.WieringaB. M.MatzkeM.JohannesS. (1997). Human brain potentials to reading syntactic errors in sentences of different complexity.Neuroscience Letters, 235 (3), 105–8.
47.
MunteT. F.HeinzeH. J.MatzkeM.WieringaB. M.JohannesS. (1998). Brain potentials and syntactic violations revisited: no evidence for specifity of the syntactic positive shift.Neuropsychologia, 36 (3), 217–26.
48.
NäätänenR. (1990). The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by eventrelated potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function.Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 201–88.
49.
NäätänenR.LehtokoskiA.LennesM.CheourM.HuotlainenM.LivonenA.VainioM.AlkuP.IlmoniemiR. J.LuukA.AllikJ.SinkkonenJ.AlhoK. (1997). Language-specfic phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses.Nature, 385, 432–34.
50.
NaumannE.BartussekD.DiedrichO.LauferM. E. (1992). Assesingcognitive and affective information processing functions of the brain by means of the late positive complex of the event-related potential.Journal of Psychophysiology, 6, 285–98.
51.
NevilleH. J.MillsD. J.LawsonD. S. (1992). Fractionating language: different neural subsystems with different sensitive periods.Cortex, 2, 244–58.
52.
NigamA.HoffmanJ. E.SimonsR. F. (1992). N400 to semantically anoumalous pictures and words.Journal of Cognitive Neurosciences, 4, 15–22.
53.
OsterhoutL.HolcombP. J. (1992). Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly.Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 785–806.
54.
OsterhoutL.HolcombP. J.SwinneyD. A. (1994). Brain potentials elicited by garden-path sentences: evidence of the application of verb information during parsing.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 8, 507–26.
55.
OsterhoutL.HolcombP. J. (1995a). Event-related potentials and language comprehension.RuggEn M. D.ColesM. G. H. (Eds.), Electrophysiology of Mind. Event-Related Brain Potentials and Cognition.Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
56.
OsterhoutL.MobleyL. A. (1995b). Event-related brain potentials elicited by failure to agree.Journal of Memory and Language, 34, 739–73.
57.
OsterhoutL.MclaughlinJ.BersickM. (1997a). Event-related brain potentials and language.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1 (6), 203–9.
58.
OsterhautL.BersickMMckinnonR. (1997b). Brain potentials elicited by words: word length and frequency predict the latency of an early negativity.Biological Psychology, 46 (2), 143–68.
59.
PetersenS. E.FoxP. T.SnyderA. Z.RaichleM. E. (1990). Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and word-like stimuli.Science, 249, 1041–44.
60.
PictonT. W.LinsO. G.SchergM. (1995). The recording and analysis of event-related potentials.BollerEn F.GrafmanJ. (Eds.), Handbook of Neuropsychology (Vol. 10, pp. 3–73). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
61.
PolichJ.KokA. (1995). Cognitive and biological determinants of P300: an integrative review.Biological Psychology, 41, 103–46.
62.
PosnerM. I.PaveseA. (1998). Anatomy of word and sentence meaning.Procediments of the national Academy of Sciences (USA), 95, 899–905.
63.
PritchardW. S. (1981). Psychophysiology of P300.Psychological Bulletin, 89 (3), 506–40.
64.
JohnsonRAYJr. (1988). The amplitude of the P300 component of the event-related potential: review and synthesis.Advances in Psychophysiology, 3, 69–137.
65.
JohnsonRAYJr. (1993). On the neural generators of teh P300 component of the event-related potential.Psychophysiology, 30, 90–97.
66.
RitterW.FordJ. M.GaillardA. W.HarterM. R.KutasM.NäätänenRPolichJ.RenaultB.RohrbaughJ. (1984). Cognition and event-related potentials. I. The relation of negative potentials and cognitive processes.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 425, 24–38.
67.
RubinS. S.NewhoffM.PeachR. K.ShapiroL. P. (1996). Electrophysiological indices of lexical processing: the effects of verb complexity and age.Journal of Speech and Hear Research, 39 (5), 1071–80.
68.
RudellA. P. (1990). The recognition potential: a visual response evoked by recognizable images.Neurosciences Abstracts, 16, 106.
69.
RudellA. P. (1991). The recognition potential constracted with the P300.International Journal of Neuroscience, 60, 85–111.
70.
RudellA. P. (1992). Rapid stream stimulation and recognition potential.Electroencephlography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 83, 77–82.
71.
RudellA. P.CraccoR. Q.HassanN. F.EberleL. P. (1993). Recognition potential: sensitivity to visual field stimulated.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 87, 221–234.
72.
RudellA. P.HuaJ. (1995). Recognition potential latency and word image degradation.Brain and Language, 51, 229–41.
73.
RudellA. P.HuaJ. (1996a). The recognition potential and word priming.International Journal of Neuroscience, 87, 225–40.
74.
RudellA. P.HuaJ. (1996b). The recognition potential and conscious awareness.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 98, 309–18.
75.
RudellA. P.HuaJ. (1997). The recognition potential, word difficulty, and individual reading ability: on using event-related potentials to study perception.Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfomance, 23, 1170–95.
76.
SkrandiesW. (1998). Evoked potentials correlates of semantic meaning- A brain mapping study.Cognitive Brain Research, 6, 173–83.
77.
SmithM. E.HalgrenE. (1987). Event-related potentials during lexical decision: Effects of repetition, word frecuency, pronounceability, and concreteness.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Supplement, 40, 417–21.
78.
SmithM. E.HalgrenE. (1989). Dissociation of recognition memory components following temporal lobe lesions.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 15, 50–60.
79.
SuttonS.BrarenM.ZubinJ.JohnE. R. (1965). Evoked-potential correlates of stimulis uncertainty.Science, 150, 1187–88.
