En el estudio sobre la homofobia, además de seguir buscando una respuesta a por qué la homosexualidad sigue sin ser aceptada a nivel social y qué repercusiones tiene a nivel personal, el objetivo de la investigación más reciente es analizar los correlatos de dicha actitud. Si bien en diferentes estudios se confirma la relación entre algunas variables, como, por ejemplo, la ausencia de interacción con gays y lesbianas o la percepción de que las propias actitudes negativas son compartidas y valoradas por los pares, y la actitud negativa hacia las personas homosexuales; por el momento la contribución de cada una de estas variables en la predicción de la homofobia sigue siendo desconocida, no obstante, lo que parece confirmado es que no hay un único patrón de desarrollo.
La diversidad de planteamientos y la falta de una estructura teórica ponen de relieve la necesidad de futuros trabajos, tanto a nivel empírico como teórico. Se destaca la utilidad de los programas educativos en el cambio de actitudes.
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