La concepción de los mecanismos cognitivos y neuronales que subyacen a la apreciación de la belleza como dedicados exclusivamente a esa capacidad, así como la suposición que son patrimonio sólo del ser humano, representan serios obstáculos para la comprensión de la evolución de la apreciación estética. En este trabajo revisamos conocimientos de diversos campos del saber para superar las limitaciones tradicionales y esbozar un modelo de evolución de la apreciación estética. Concebimos la apreciación estética como resultado de la interacción de procesos cognitivos y afectivos. Algunos de estos procesos, como el análisis visual temprano, el reconocimiento de objetos en un contexto afectivo y mnemónico, la representación de su valor reforzador, y algunas funciones ejecutivas, parecen haber sido heredados de antiguos antepasados, mientras que otros, incluyendo la integración de información multisensorial, el análisis espacial, y la monitorización del propio estado afectivo, parecen resultar de significativas transformaciones a lo largo del linaje humano.
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