La influencia de la teoría evolucionista en la ciencia y el pensamiento humano ha sido constante desde que fuera formulada por primera vez a mediados del siglo XIX, y la psicología no ha sido inmune a dicha influencia. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de los enfoques evolucionistas se han centrado tradicionalmente en el estudio del comportamiento adulto, obviando los procesos ontogenéticos del comportamiento. En este artículo, se presenta una nueva aproximación al estudio evolucionista del comportamiento, llamada Psicología Evolucionista del Desarrollo (PED), que se ocupa de los sistemas psicológicos que son objeto de desarrollo humano. Básicamente, la PED propone un modelo evolutivo de cómo los mecanismos psicológicos evolucionados se acaban expresando, y asume que la selección natural darwiniana actúa sobre los organismos inmaduros no sólo en términos de ejercitación de adaptaciones para la vida adulta (adaptaciones diferidas), sino también sobre comportamientos que están especialmente bien adaptados para un determinado período evolutivo (adaptaciones ontogenéticas). En este sentido, creemos que la PED puede servir simultáneamente como una metateoría de corte evolucionista para la psicología evolutiva contemporánea, y como una fuente potencialmenterica de hipótesis, investigaciones e interpretaciones sobre cuestiones evolutivas
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