El objetivo de esta investigación era determinar en qué medida la cultura y la edad de los hijos adolescentes influyen en las relaciones familiares. Para ello se utilizó el modelo de Olson, Sprenkle y Russell (1979) y se contó con la participación de 26 familias españolas, 30 emigrantes y 20 australianas. Se recogió información, mediante el FACES II, de los dos padres y de uno de los hijos que fuera mayor de 12 años. Los resultados muestran que el marco sociocultural no parece diferenciar la percepción que tienen las familias en conjunto de sus relaciones actuales, aunque sí las diferencia en su percepción del funcionamiento familiar que desearían. Según los roles desempeñados no existen diferencias transculturales entre los padres ni en la percepción de sus relaciones actuales ni en los ideales de funcionamiento familiar; entre las madres las diferencias se manifestan en sus percepciones ideales; y en las actuales e ideales en el caso de los hijos. Por último, la edad de los hijos se relaciona parcialmente con algunas dimensiones del funcionamiento familiar
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlessandriS. M.WozniakR. H. (1989). Perception of the family environment and intrafamilial agreement in belief concerning the adolescent.Journal of Early Adolescence, 9, 67–81.
2.
BensonM. J.Curtner-SmithM. E.CollinsW. A.KeithT. Z. (1995). The structure of family perceptions among adolescents and their parents: Individual satisfaction factors and family system factors.Family Process, 34, 323–336.
3.
BerryJ. W. (1980). Social and cultural change. En TriandisH. C.BrislinR. (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Vol. 5. Social (pp. 211–279). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
4.
BerryJ. W.KimU.BoskiP. (1988). Psychological acculturation of immigrants. En KimY. Y.GudykunstW. B. (Eds.), Cross-cultural adaptation: Current approaches (pp. 62–89). Newbury Park: Sage.
BronfenbrennerU. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trad. cast.: La Ecología del desarrollo humano: Experimentos en entornos naturales y diseñados.Barcelona: Paidós, 1987)
7.
BullrichS. (1988). The process of inmigration. En Combrinck-GrahamL. (Ed.), Children in family context (pp. 482–501). New York: The Guilford Press.
8.
BussD. M. y cols. (1990). International preferences in selecting mates: A study of 37 cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 5–47.
9.
CasellaA.KearinsJ. (1993). Cross-cultural comparison of family environments of Anglo-Australians, Italian-Australians, and Southern Italians.Psychological Reports, 72, 1051–1057.
10.
CaudillW.WeinsteinH. (1969). Maternal care and infant bahavior in Japan and America.Psychiatry, 32, 12–43.
11.
CooneyR. S.RoglerL. H.HurrellR.OrtizV. (1982). Decision making in intergenerational Puerto Rican families.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 621–632.
12.
ChurchT. A. (1987). Personality research in a non-western culture: The Philippines.Psychological Bulletin, 102, 272–292.
13.
Díaz-guerreroR. (1979). The development of coping style.Human Development, 22, 320–331.
14.
DoumanisM. (1983). Mothering in Greece: From collectivism to individualism.New York: Academic Press.
15.
FeldmanS. S.GehringT. M. (1988). Changing perceptions of family cohesion and power across adolescence.Child Development, 59, 1034–1045.
16.
FisekG. O. (1991). A cross-cultural examination of proximity and hierarchy as dimensions of family structure.Family Process, 30, 121–133.
17.
García-fernándezM. (1996). Un estudio transcultural sobre la estructura familiar desde el modelo circunflejo. Tesis doctoral no publicada. universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
18.
GauvainM. (1995). Thinking in niches: Sociocultural influences on cognitive development.Human Development, 38, 25–45.
19.
GibbonsJ. D. (1993). Nonparametric statistics. An introduction.Newbury Park: Sage.
20.
GloverA.Black-GutmanD. (1996). Reflections on cross-cultural research.Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 21, 1–5.
21.
GoodnowJ. (1980). Everyday concepts of intelligence and its development. En WarrenN. (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 191–219). London: Academic Press.
22.
GoodnowJ.CashmoreJ.CottonS.KnightR. (1984). Mothers' developmental timetables in two cultural groups.International Journal of Psychology, 19, 193–205.
23.
GrotevantH. D.CarlsonC. I. (1989). Family assessment: A guide to methods and measures.New York: The Guilford Press.
24.
GudykunstW. B.NishidaT. (1986). The influence of cultural variability on perceptions of communication behavior associated with relationship terms.Human Communication Research, 13, 147–166.
HsuJ.TsengW. S.AshtonG.McdermottJ. F.CharW. (1986). Cross-ethnic study of normal family interactions in Hawaii.International Journal of Family Psychiatry, 8, 349–361.
27.
HsuJ.TsengW. S.LumK. Y.LauL.VaccaroJ.BrennanJ. (1988). Cross-ethnic study of normal families in Hawaii.Proceedings of the Asian Family Mental Health Conference.Tokyo: Psychiatric Research Institute of Tokyo.
28.
IngoldsbyB. B. (1980). Emotional expressiveness and marital adjustment: A cross-cultural analysis.Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 11, 501–515.
29.
JahodaG. (1984). Do we need a concept of culture?Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15, 139–151.
30.
KagitçibaşiÇ.BerryJ. W. (1989). Cross-cultural psychology: Current research and trends.Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 493–531.
31.
KeitnerG. I.FodorJ.RyanC. E.MillerI. W. y cols. (1991). A cross-cultural study of major depression and family functioning.Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 254–259.
32.
KeitnerG. I.RyanC. E.FodorJ.MillerI. W. y cols. (1990). A cross-cultural stydy of family functioning.Comtemporary Family Therapy, 12, 439–454.
33.
KerlingerF. (1984). Liberalism and conservatism: The nature and structure of social attitudes.Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
34.
LacasaP. (1994). Aprender en la escuela, aprender en la calle.Madrid: Visor
35.
MarinG.TriandisH. C. (1985). Allocentrism as an important characteristic of the behavior of Latin Americans and Hispanics. En Díaz-guerreroR. (Ed.), Cross-cultural and national studiesin social psychology (pp. 69–80). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
36.
MeadM. (1928). Coming of age in Samoa.New York: Dell.
37.
MinuchinS. (1974). Families and family therapy.Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
38.
MunroeR. L.MunroeR. H. (1991). Comparative field studies: Methodological issues and future possibilities.Behavior Science Research, 25, 155–185.
39.
O'guinnT. C.ImperaG.MacadamsE. A. (1987). Acculturation and perceived family decision- making input among mexican american wives.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18, 78–92.
40.
OlsonD. H.MccubbinH. I.BarnesH. L.LarsenA. S.MuxenM. J.WilsonM. A. (1985). Family Inventories (Rev. ed.). St. Paul: Family Social Science.
41.
OlsonD. H.MccubbinH. I.BarnesH. L.MuxenM. J.LarsenA. S.WilsonM. A. (1989). Families, What make them work.Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
42.
OlsonD. H.RussellC.SprenkleD. H. (1980). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: II. Empirical studies and clinical intervention. En VicentJ. (Ed.), Advances in family intervention, assessment and theory (Vol. 1) (pp. 128–176). Greenwich: JAI Press.
43.
OlsonD. H.RussellC. S.SprenkleD. H. (1983). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: VI. Theoretical update.Family Process, 22, 69–83.
44.
OlsonD. H.SprenkleD. H.RussellC. (1979). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: I. Cohesion and adaptability dimensions, family type, and clinical applications.Family Process, 18, 3–28.
45.
OlsonD. H.WatsonJ. (1991). Faces II Update: Linear scoring and interpretation. Manuscrito no publicado. university of Minnesota.
46.
PetersenL. R.LeeG. R.EllisG. J. (1982). Social structure, socialization values and disciplinary techniques: A cross-cultural analysis.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 131–142.
47.
RogoffB. (1982). Integrating context and cognitive development. En LambM. E.BrownA. L. (Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 2) (pp. 125–170). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
48.
RohnerR. P. (1984). Toward a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15, 111–138.
49.
SalamonS. (1977). Family bounds and friendship bonds: Japan and West Germany.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39, 1807–820.
50.
SegallM. H. (1984). More than we need to know about culture but are afraid not to ask.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15, 153–162.
51.
SegallM. H. (1986). Culture and behavior: Psychology in global perspective.Annual Review of Psychology, 37, 523–564.
52.
SundbergN.SharmaV.WodtliT.RohilaP. (1969). Family cohesiveness and autonomy of adolescents in India and the United States.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 31, 403–407.
53.
TharpR. G.MeadowA.LennhoffS. G.SatterfieldD. (1968). Changes in marriage roles accompanying the acculturation of the mexican-american wife.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 30, 404–412.
54.
TriandisH. C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies on individualism and collectivism. En BermanJ. J. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 37. Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 41–133). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
55.
TriandisH. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism.Boulder: Westview Press.
56.
TriandisH. C. (1996). The psychological measurement of cultural syndromes.American Psychologist, 51, 407–415.
57.
TriandisH. C.BontempoR.BetancourtH.BondM.LeungK.BrenesA.GeorgasJ.HuiC. H.MarinG.SetiadiB.SinhaJ. B. P.VermanJ.SpangenbergJ.TouzardH.De MontmollinG. (1986). The measurement of the etic aspects of individualims and collectivism across cultures.Australian Journal of Psychology, 38, 257–267.
58.
TriandisH. C.LeungK.VillarealM.ClarkF. L. (1985). Allocentric vs idiocentric tendencies: Convergent and discriminant validation.Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 395–415.
59.
TriandisH. C.VassilouV. (1967). A comparative analysis of subjective culture.Urbana: University of Illinois, Department of Psychology.
60.
TsengW. S. (1985). Cultural aspects of family assessment.International Journal of Family Psychiatry, 6, 19–31.
61.
TsengW. S.HsuJ. (1991). Culture and family. Problems and therapy.New York: The Haworth Press.
62.
WhitingB. B.WhitingJ. W. M. (1975). Children of six cultures: A psycho-cultural analysis.Cambridge: Harvard university Press.
63.
WinklerI.DohertyW. J. (1983). Communication styles and marital satisfaction in israeli and american couples.Family Process, 22, 221–228.
64.
VygotskyL. S. (1978). Mind in society.Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
