Research suggests that religious beliefs may both help and hinder how Muslims cope. In a Pakistani sample, the Positive Islamic Coping, Islamic Identity, and Extra-Prayer Commitment factors from the Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiousness correlated negatively with Perceived Stress and positively with Mental Well-Being, Intrinsic Religious Orientation, and Extrinsic Personal Religious Orientation. Islamic Identity also partially mediated the negative relationship of Perceived Stress with Mental Well-Being. A Punishing Allah Reappraisal factor failed to display any evidence that it operationalized a maladaptive form of Muslim coping. These data most importantly confirmed the positive coping potentials of Muslim commitments, with Islamic Identity being especially noteworthy.
Abu RaiyaH. & PargamentK.I. (2010). Religiously integrated psychotherapy with Muslim clients: From research to practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 181–188.
2.
Abu RaiyaH.PargamentK.I.MahoneyA. & SteinC. (2008). A psychological measure of Muslim religiousness: Development and evidence for reliability and validity. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 18, 291–315.
3.
Abu RaiyaH.PargamentK.I. & MahoneyA. (2011). Examining coping methods with stressful interpersonal events experienced by Muslims living in the United States following the 9/11 attacks. Psychology of Religion And Spirituality, 3(1), 1–14.
4.
BaronR.M. & KennyD.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.
5.
CohenS.KamarckT. & MermelsteinR.A. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Psychology, 24, 355–396.
6.
GhorbaniN.WatsonP.J. & KhanZ.H. (2007). Theoretical, empirical, and potential ideological dimensions of using Western conceptualizations to measure Muslim religious commitments. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 2, 113–131.
7.
GhorbaniN.WatsonP.J. & HargisM.B. (2008). Integrative self-knowledge Correlations and incremental validity of a cross-cultural measure developed in Iran and the United States. Journal of Psychology, 142, 395–412.
8.
GorsuchR.L. & McPhersonS.E. (1989). Intrinsic/extrinsic measurement: I/E revised and single-item scales. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 348–354.
9.
KhanZ.H.SultanaS. & WatsonP.J. (2009). Pakistani Muslims dealing with cancer: Relationships with religious coping, religious orientation, and psychological distress. In: M.M. Leach (Guest Editor, Special Issue:Islam and Mental Health). Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 20, 217–237.
10.
KhanZ.H. & WatsonP.J. (2004). Religious orientation and the experience ofEid-ul-Azha among Pakistani Muslims. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43, 537–545.
11.
KhanZ.H. & WatsonP.J. (2006). Construction of the Pakistani Coping Practices Scale: Correlations with religious coping, religious orientation, and reactions to stress among Muslim university students. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 16, 101–112.
12.
KhanZ.H.WatsonP.J. & HabibF. (2005). Muslim attitudes toward religion, religious orientation, and empathy among Pakistanis. Mental Health, Religion, & Culture, 8, 49–61.
13.
KhanZ.H.WatsonP.J. & ChenZ. (2011). Differentiating religious coping from Islamic identification in patient and non-patient Pakistani Muslims. Mental Health, Religion, & Culture, 14, 1049–1062.
14.
KhanZ.H.WatsonP.J.ChenZ.IftikharA. & JabeenR. (2012). Pakistani religious coping and the experience and behavior of Ramadan. Mental Health, Religion, & Culture, 15, 435–446.
15.
PargamentK.I. (1997). The Psychology of Religion and Coping.New York: Guilford.
16.
PreacherK.J. & HayesA.F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.
17.
TennantR.HillerL.FishwickR.PlattS.JosephS.WeichS.ParkinsonJ.SeckerS. & Stewart-BrownS. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health & Quality of Life Outcomes, 5 (63), doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-63.
