Abdel-MaguidT E, and BowsherD (1984) Interneurons and proprioneurons in the adult human spinal grey matter and general somatic afferent cranial nerve nuclei. J. Anat.139: 9–20
2.
BeitzA J (1982) The sites of origin of brainstem neurotensin and serotonin projections to the rodent nucleus Raphe Magnus. J. Neurosci.2: 829–34
3.
BjörkelandM, and BoivieJ (1984) An anatomical study of the projections from the dorsal column nuclei to the midbrain in the cat. Anat. Embryol.170: 29–43
4.
BloomF E, BattenbergE, RossierJ, LingN, and GuilleminR (1978) Neurons containing β-endorphin in rat brain exist separately from those containing enkephalin: Immunocytochemical studies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.75: 1591–5
5.
BowsherD (1957) Termination of the central pain pathway in man: the conscious appreciation of pain. Brain.80: 606–22
6.
BowsherD (1976) Role of the reticular formation in response to noxious stimulation. Pain.2: 361–78
7.
BowsherD, MallartA, PetitD, and Albe-FessardD (1968) A bulbar relay to centre median. J. Neurophysiol.31: 288–300
8.
BrownA G, RoseP K, and SnowP G (1978) Morphology and organisation of axon collaterals from afferent fibres of slowly-adapting type I units in cat spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Lond.)277: 15–27
9.
ChanS H H (1984) What is being stimulated in acupuncture: evaluation of the existence of a specific substrate. Neurosci. Behav. Rev.8: 25–33
10.
ChengR S S, and PomeranzB H (1980) Electroacupuncture analgesia is mediated by stereospecific opiate receptors and is reversed by antagonists of Type I receptors. Life Sci.26: 631–38
11.
ChiangC Y, ChangC T, ChuH L, and YangL F (1973) Peripheral afferent pathway for acupuncture analgesia. Sci. sin.16: 210–17
12.
DugganA W, and FoongF W (1985) Bicuculline and spinal inhibition produced by dorsal column stimulation in the cat. Pain.22: 249–59
13.
GlazerE J, and BasbaumA I (1984) Axons which take up (3H) serotonin are presynaptic to enkephalin immunoreactive neurons in cat dorsal horn. Brain Res.289: 389–91
14.
GobelS, FallsW M, BennettG J, AbdelmoumèneM, HayashiH, and HumphreyE (1980) An E.M. analysis of the synaptic connections of horseradish peroxidase filled stalked cells and islet cells in the substantia gelatinosa of the adult cat spinal cord. J. comp. neurol.194: 781–807
15.
GouldenE A (1921) The treatment of sciatica by galvanic acupuncture. Brit. Med. J.1: 523–24
16.
HammondD L, TyleG M, and YakshT L (1985) Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline into spinal cord superfusates during stimulation of the rat medulla. J. Physiol. (Lond.)359: 151–62
17.
HarperA A, and LawsonS N (1985) Electrical properties of rat dorsal root ganglion neurones with different peripheral nerve conduction velocities. J. Physiol. (Lond.)359: 47–63
18.
HeimerL, and WallPD (1968) The dorsal root distribution of the substantia gelatinosa in the rat, with a note on distribution in the cat. Exp. Neurol.6: 89–99
19.
HosobuchiY, AdamsJ E, and LinchitzR (1977) Pain relief by electrical stimulation of central grey matter in humans and its reversal bynaloxone. Science.197: 183–86
20.
KevetterG A, HaberL H, YezierskiR P, ChungJ M, MartinR G, and WillisW D (1982) Cells of origin of the spinoreticular tract in the monkey. J. comp. Neurol.207: 61–74
21.
KumazawaT, and PerlE R (1978) Excitation of marginal and substantia gelatinosa neurons in the primate spinal cord: indications of their place in dorsal horn functional organisation. J. comp. Neurol.177: 417–34
22.
KuruM (1949) Sensory paths in the spinal cord and brain stem of man.Sogensaya, Tokyo.
23.
LeranthCs, MaxwellD J, and VerhofstadA A J (1984) Ultrastructure of serotonin-immunoreactive boutons in the substantia gelatinosa of the rat's spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Lond.).355: 20P
24.
LiuY K, VarelaM, and OswaldR (1977) The correspondence between some motor points and acupuncture loci. Amer J. Chin. Med.3: 347–58
25.
LundebergT C M (1983) Vibratory stimulation for the alleviation of chronic pain. Acta Physiol. scand. Suppl.523: 1–51
26.
MantyhP W (1982) Forebrain projections to the periaqueductal grey in the monkey, with observations in the cat and rat. J. comp. Neurol.206: 146–58
27.
MantyhP W (1982) The ascending input to the midbrain periaqueductal grey of the primate. J. comp. Neurol.211: 50–64
28.
MaxwellD J, LeranthCs, and VerhofstadA A J (1983) Fine structure of serotonin-containing axons in the marginal zone of the rat spinal cord. Brain Res.266: 233–60
29.
MayerD J, and LiebeskindJ C (1974) Pain reduction by focal electrical stimulation of the brain: An anatomical and behavioural analysis. Brain Res.68: 73–93
30.
MayerD J, PriceD D, and RafiiA (1977) Anatagonism of acupuncture analgesia in man by the narcotic antagonist naloxone. Brain Res.121: 368–72
31.
MelzackR, and WallP D (1965) Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science.150: 971–9
32.
MelzackR, StillwellD M, and FoxE J (1977) Trigger points and acupuncture points for pain: correlations and implications. Pain.3: 3–23
33.
PechuraC M, and LiuR P C (1986) Spinal neurons which project to the periaqueductal grey and the medullary reticular formation via axon collaterals: A double-label fluorescence study in the rat. Brain Res.374: 357–61
34.
ReesH, and RobertsM H T (1989a) Activation of cells in the anterior pretectal nucleus by dorsal column stimulation in the rat. J. Physiol.417: 361–74
35.
ReesH, and RobertsM H T (1989b) Antinociceptive effects of dorsal column stimulation in the rat: involvement of the anterior pretectal nucleus. J. Physiol.417: 375–88
36.
RethelyiM, LightA R, and PerlE R (1982) Synaptic complexes formed by functionally defined primary afferent units with fine myelinated fibres. J. comp. Neurol.207: 381–93
37.
ReynoldsD V (1969) Surgery in the rat during electrical analgesia induced by focal brain stimulation. Science.164: 444–5
38.
RichardsonD E, and AkilH (1977) Pain reduction by electrical brain stimulation in man. J. Neurosurg.47: 178–94
39.
RichardsonD E (1982) Analgesia produced by stimulation of various sites in the human β-endorphin system. Appl. Neurophysiol.45: 116–22
40.
RudaM A, CoffieldJ, and DubnerR (1984) Demonstration of postsynaptic opioid modulation of thalamic projection neurons by the combined techniques of retrograde horseradish peroxidase and enkephalin immunocytochemistry. J. Neurosci.4: 2117–32
41.
SjölundB H, and ErikssonM B E (1979) The influence of naloxone on analgesia produced by peripheral conditioning stimulation. Brain Res.173: 295–302
42.
SolodkinM, JimenezI, and RudominP (1984) Identification of common interneurons mediating pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in the cat spinal cord. Science.224: 1453–55
43.
SoperW Y, and MelzackR (1982) Stimulation-produced analgesia: evidence for somatotopic organisation in the midbrain. Brain Res.251: 301–12
44.
SugiuraY, LeeC L, and PerlE R (1986) Central projection of identified, unmyelinated (C) afferent fibres innervating mammalian skin. Science.234: 358–61
45.
ToddA J, and McKenzieJ (1989) GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Neurosci.32: 799–806
46.
TsouK, and JangC S (1964) Studies on the site of analgesic action of morphine by intracerebral microinjection. Sci. sin.13: 1099–109
47.
WallP D, and SweetW H (1967) Temporary abolition of pain in man. Science.155: 108–9
48.
WangK M, YaoS M, XianY L, and HouZ (1985) A study of the receptive field of acupoints and the relationship between characteristics of needling sensation and groups of afferent fibres. Sci. sin.28: 963–71
49.
WillisW D, KenshaloD R, and LeonardR B (1979) The cells of origin of the primate spinothalamic tract. J. comp. Neurol.188: 543–74
50.
YoshioN (1967) Introduction to Ryodoraku. Acupunct. Dig.3: 70–8