Acupuncture: Its Place in the History of Chinese Medicine

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This book is also entitled Chunquo Zuozhuan, or Zuo's Chunqiu, and was originally attributed to Zuo Quoming, a court historian (5-6BC) of the Lu Kingdom, but recent scholars hold that it was compiled by some unknown authors in the early Warring States (5BC). The book offers commentaries on the Chunqiu, which was compiled by Confucius and contains a great deal of historical material.

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Evidence of the appearance of medical profession is also seen from the Zhou Li: Tian Guan, in which physicians and witches are listed in different categories.

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There appeared during this period several books dealing with acupuncture which have been lost, such as Jiu Zhen (Nine Kinds of Needles), also entitled Zhen Jing (Classic of Neeles), which is mentioned 13 times in the Huangdi Neijing; Cifa (Methods of Needling), and four times in the Neijing.

Mawangdui Hanmu Boshu Zhengli Xiaozu, Mawangdui Hanmu Boshu, Wenwu Chubanshe, Beijing, 1979, 1:10.

According to the studies on the origin of the Ling Shu by many scholars, a conclusion is generally accepted that it was originally called Jiu Zhuan (The Nine Volumes), or Zhen Jing (Classic of Needling), or Jiuling Jing (The Nine Miraculous Classic), or Jiu Xu (The Nine Plains). These titles were recorded in quite a few ancient texts. For instance, in the Shanghan Lun by Zhang Zhongjing, it is called Jiu Juan, in the Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing by Huangfu Mi, it is called Huangdi Zhenjing.

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