History Teaches Us That Confronting Antibiotic Resistance Requires Stronger Global Collective Action

Bud R. , Penicillin: Triumph and Tragedy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

Batten L. W. , “Discussion on the Use and Abuse of Antibiotics,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 48 (1955): 355–364.

See, e.g., Jawetz E. Marshall M. S. , “The Role of the Laboratory in Antibiotic Therapy,” Journal of Pediatrics 37, no. 4 (1950): 545–554.

Jawetz E. , “Patient, Doctor, Drug, and Bug,” Antibiotics Annual (1957–1958): 287–295.

Podolsky S. H. , The Antibiotic Era: Reform, Resistance, and the Pursuit of a Rational Therapeutics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015): At 43–87.

Temko S. , oral arguments “In the Matter of Novobiocin-Tetracycline Drugs; Calcium Novobiocin-Sulfamethizole Tablets (Upjohn Co.), Arlington, VA, August 13, 1969,” Box 88-78-36, FDA Division of Dockets Management, Rockville, Maryland.

See Podolsky , supra note 5, at 112–139.

Negotiations of the Storting (Norwegian Parliament): Ot.prp.51 1928; Ot.prp.50 1938. See also Andrew M. Jøldal B. Tomson G. , “Norway's National Drug Policy. Its Evolution and Lessons for the Future,” Development Dialogue 1 (1995): 25–53.

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“Meetings of the Director of Health and His Expert Council,” 4/22/47, 6/27/47, Archives of the Norwegian Medicines Agency.

See Bud , supra note 1, at 163–191.

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Kirchhelle C. , Pyrrhic Progress. Antibiotics in Western Food Production (1949–2013), Ph.D. Thesis, Oxford University (forthcoming).

So A. , “One Health Perspective: An Integrated Systems Approach Is Needed to Ensure the Sustainability of Antibiotic Effectiveness for Both Humans and Animals,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 2, Supp. (2015): Available via aslme.org.

See Bud , supra note 1, at 75–96; Santesmases M. J. , “Distributing Penicillin: The Clinic, the Hero and Industrial Production in Spain, 1943–1952,” in Quirke V. Slinn J. , eds., Perspectives on Twentieth-Century Pharmaceuticals (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2010).

“Report to the Director-General, Scientific Group on Antibiotics Research, Geneva, 26–30 May 1959,” Box 10, ff 6, Selman Waksman papers, Rutgers University.

Gradmann C. , “Sensitive Matters: The World Health Organization and Antibiotic Resistance Testing, 1945–1975,” Social History of Medicine 26, no. 3 (2013): 555–574.

Watanabe T. , “Infective Heredity of Multiple Drug Resistance in Bacteria,” Bacteriological Reviews 27 (1963): 87–115; Osmundsen J. A. , “Are Germs Winning the War against People?” Look (October 18, 1966): 140–141.

Levy S. B. Clowes R. C. Koenig E. L. , eds., Molecular Biology, Pathogenicity, and Ecology of Bacterial Plasmids (New York: Plenum, 1981).

See Podolsky , supra note 5, at 158–167.

See Bud , supra note 1, at 196–198.

Lederberg J. Shope R. E. , eds., Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1992).

Gradmann C. , “Re-Inventing Infectious Disease: Antibiotic Resistance and Drug Development at the Bayer Company 1945–1980,” Medical History 60, no. 2 (forthcoming 2016).

World Health Organization, WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antibiotic Resistance (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001).

World Health Organization, Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014).