Privacy and Anonymity Challenges When Collecting Data for Public Health Purposes

Roush S. Birkhead G. and Koo D. , “Mandatory Reporting of Diseases and Conditions by Health Care Professionals and Laboratories” JAMA 282, no. 2(1999): 164–170.

Emam K. El Hu J. and Mercer J. , “A Secure Protocol for Protecting the Identity of Providers When Disclosing Data for Disease Surveillance” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 18 (2011): 212–217.

Id.; and Emam K. El Mercer J. and Moreau K. , “Physician Privacy Concerns When Disclosing Patient Data for Public Health Purposes During a Pandemic Influenza Outbreak” BMC Public Health 11, no. 1(2011): 454.

Sengupta S. Calman N. S. and Hripcsak G. “A Model for Expanded Public Health Reporting in the Context of HIPAA” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 15 (2008):569–574; and Hodge J. G. Jr. “Health Information Privacy and Public Health” Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 31, no. 4(2003): 663–671.

See Emam El , supra note 2.

See Roush , supra note 1.

Emam K. El Dankar F. and Issa R. “A Globally Optimal k-Anonymity Method for the De-identification of Health Data” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 16, (2009):670–682; and Emam K. El and Dankar F. K. “Protecting Privacy Using k-Anonymity” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 15, (2008): 627–637.

See Emam El , (2009), id.

Id.

Cassa C. A. Grannis S. J. and Overhage J. M. “A Context-Sensitive Approach to Anonymizing Spatial Surveillance Data: Impact on Outbreak Detection” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 13 (2006): 160–165.

Cassa C. A. Wieland S. C. and Mandl K. D. “Re-identification of Home Addresses from Spatial Locations Anonymized by Gaussian Skew” International Journal of Health Geographics 7, no. 1(2008): 45.

Wieland S. C. Cass C. A. and Mandl K. D. “Revealing the Spatial Distribution of a Disease While Preserving Privacy” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 105, no. 46(2008): 17608–17613.

Joshi D. Soh L. and Samal A. “Redistricting Using Heuristic-Based Polygonal Clustering” Ninth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2009): 830–835”; Joshi D. Soh L. and Samal A. “Redistricting Using Constrained Polygonal Clustering” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 24, no. 11(2012): 2065–2079.

Infection Prevention and Control at Long Term Care Homes, Legislative Assembly of Ontario (2011) (Standing Committee on Public Accounts).

See Emam El , supra note 2.

Lelkes Y. Krosnick J. A. and Marx D. M. “Complete Anonymity Comprises the Accuracy of Self-Reports” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48, no. 6(2012): 1291–1299.

Mazar N. Amir O. and Ariely D. “The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance” Journal of Marketing Research 45, no. 6(2008): 633–644.

Zhong C.-B. Bohns V. K. and Gino F. “Good Lamps Are the Best Police: Darkness Increase Dishonesty and Self-Interested Behavior” Psychological Science 21, no. 3(2010): 311–314.

Boyd J. “In Community We Trust: Online Security Communication at eBay” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 7, no. 3(2002).

Nowak G. J. and Phelps J. E. “Understanding Privacy Concerns: An Assessment of Consumers' Information-Related Knowledge and Beliefs” Journal of Direct Marketing 6, no. 4(1992): 28–39.

Singer E. Von Thurn D. R. and Miller E. R. “Confidentiality Assurances and Response: A Quantitative Review of the Experimental Literature” Public Opinion Quarterly 59, no. 1(1995): 66–77.

John L. K. Acquisti A. and Loewenstein G. “Strangers on a Plane: Context-Dependent Willingness to Divulge Sensitive Information” Journal of Consumer Research 37, no. 5(2011): 858–873.

Frey J. H. “An Experience with a Confidentiality Reminder in a Telephone Survey” Public Opinion Quarterly 50, no. 2(1986):267–269; Singer E. Hippler H.-J. and Schwarz N. “Confidentiality Assurances in Surveys: Reassurance or Threat?” International Journal of Public Opinion 4, no. 3(1992): 256–268.

Acquisti A. John L. K. and Loewenstein G. “What Is Privacy Worth?” Twenty First Workshop on Information Systems and Economics (WISE), Phoenix, AZ (2009):14–15; Willison D. J. Steeves V. and Charle C. “Consent for Use of Personal Information for Health Research: Do People with Potentially Stigmatizing Health Conditions and the General Public Differ in Their Opinions” BMC Medical Ethics 10, no. 1(2009): 10.

Lewandowsky S. Ecker U.K.H. and Seifert C.M. “Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing” Psychological Science in the Public Interest 13, no. 3(2012):106–131; and Woods K. M. and McNamara R. J. , “Confidentiality: Its Effect on Interviewee Behavior” Professional Psychology 11, no. 5(1980): 714–721.

Joinson A.N. Reips U.-D. and Buchanan T. “Privacy Trust and Self-Disclosure Online” Human-Computer Interaction 25, no. 1(2012):1–24; and Moorman C. Deshpande R. and Zaltman G. “Factors Affecting Trust in Market Research Relationships” Journal of Marketing 57 (1993): 81–101.