The anatomy of the glenoid is of critical importance when reconstructing the shoulder joint with arthroplasty. Over the past two decades, numerous techniques for measuring the orientation of the articular surface with respect to the rest of the scapula have been described. The present review examines these methods, as well as how they have evolved with technological advances, and how they can be applied to improve the restoration of normal anatomy with shoulder arthroplasty. The originally described technique has been widely accepted and applied to two- and three-dimensional computed tomography scans. Other new techniques have been described recently that use other landmarks entirely. Recent advances in computer-assisted surgery take these principles of measurement to allow more precise navigation and placement of glenoid components in simulation and in vivo.
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