See Thassu, supra note 1; Boisseau and Loubaton, supra note 2; MurashovV., “Occupational Exposure to Nanomedical Applications,”Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology1, no. 2 (2009): 203–213.
7.
SinghR.PantarottoD.LacerdaL.PastorinG.KlumppC.PratoM.BiancoA., and KostarelosK., “Tissue Biodistribution and Blood Clearance Rates of Intravenously Administered Carbon Nanotube Radiotracers,”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences103, no. 9 (2006): 3357–3362.
8.
National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, and Technology (NSET), National Nanotechnology Initiative: Strategic Plan, Washington, D.C., 2011, available at <http://www.nano.gov/node/581> (last visited November 28, 2012).
9.
RocoM.RennO., and JägerA., “Nanotechnology Risk Governance,” in RocoM.RennO.JägerA., eds., Global Risk Governance (The Netherlands: Springer, 2008): 301–27, available at <http://www.springerlink.com/content/j102352637435844/> (last visited November 28, 2012).
10.
AuffanM.RoseJ.BotteroJ.Y.LowryG. V.JolivetJ. P., and WiesnerM. R., “Towards a Definition of Inorganic Nanoparticles from an Environmental, Health and Safety Perspective,”Nature Nanotechnology4, no. 10 (2009): 634–641.
11.
FerrariM., “Cancer Nanotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges,”Nature Reviews Cancer5, no. 3 (2005): 161–171, abstract available at <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15738981> (last visited November 28, 2012).
12.
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Reporting Format for Nanotechnology-Related Information in CMC Review, June 2010, available at <www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/…/UCM214304.pdf> (last visited November 28, 2012).
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology: Managing the Health and Safety Concerns Associated with Engineered Nanomaterials (2009), available at <www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2009-125/pdfs/2009-125.pdf> (last visited November 28, 2012).
MaynardA. D. and KuempelE. D., “Airborne Nanostructured Particles and Occupational Health,”Journal of Nanoparticle Research7, no. 6 (2005): 587–614.
17.
See NIOSH, supra note 16; ISO, ISO TR 27628 Workplace Atmospheres—Ultrafine, Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Aerosols—Inhalation Exposure Characterization and Assessment, 2006; JohnsonD. R.MethnerM. M.KennedyA. J., and SteevensJ. A., “Potential for Occupational Exposure to Engineered Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Environmental Laboratory Studies,”Environmental Health Perspectives118, no. 1 (2010): 49–54; RamachandranG.OstraatM.EvansD. E.MethnerM. M.O'ShaughnessyP.D'ArcyJ.GeraciC. L.StevensonE.MaynardA. D., and RickabaughK., “A Strategy for Assessing Workplace Exposures to Nanomaterials,”Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene8, no. 11 (2011): 673–685.
KandlikarM.RamachandranG.MaynardA.MurdockB., and ToscanoW., “Health Risk Assessment for Nanoparticles: A Case for Using Expert Judgment,”Journal of Nanoparticle Research9, no. 1 (2007): 137–156.
21.
de JongW. H. and BormP. J. A., “Drug Delivery and Nanoparticles: Applications and Hazards,”International Journal of Nanomedicine3, no. 2 (2008): 133–149.
22.
HoetP. H. M.Brüske-HohlfeldI., and SalataO. V., “Nanoparticles – Known and Unknown Health Risks,”Journal of Nanobiotechnology2, no. 12 (2004): 15 pages, available at <http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/pdf/1477-3155-2-12.pdf> (last visited November 28, 2012); GeiserM.Rothen-RutishauserB.KappN.SchürchS.KreylingW., and SchulzH., “Ultrafine Particles Cross Cellular Membranes by Nonphagocytic Mechanisms in Lungs and in Cultured Cells,”Environmental Health Perspectives113 (2005): 1555–1560, available at <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1310918/> (last visited November 28, 2012); OberdorsterG.OberdorsterE., and OberdorsterJ., “Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving for Studies of Ultrafine Particles,”Environmental Health Perspectives113, no. 7 (2005): 823–839; DobrovolskaiaM. A. and McNeilS. E., “Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials,”Nature Nanotechnology2, no. 8 (2007): 469–478, available at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.223> (last visited November 28, 2012); ResnikD. B. and TinkleS. S., “Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials Involving Nanomedicine,”Contemporary Clinical Trials28, no. 4 (2007): 433–441; OberdürsterG.ElderA., and RinderknechtA., “Nanoparticles and the Brain: Cause for Concern?”Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology9, no. 8 (2009): 4996–5007.
23.
SayesC. M.MarchioneA. A.ReedK. L., and WarheitB.D., “Comparative Pulmonary Toxicity Assessments of C60 Water Suspensions in Rats: Few Differences in Fullerene Toxicity in vivo in Contrast to in vitro Profiles,”Nano Letters7 (2007): 2399–2406; DonaldsonK.BormP. J.OberdorsterG.PinkertonK. E.StoneV., and TranC. L., “Concordance Between in vitro and in vivo Dosimetry in the Proinflammatory Effects of Low Toxicity, Low Solubility Particles: The Key Role of the Proximal Alveolar Region,”Inhalation Toxicology20 (2008): 53–62.
24.
KrollA.PillukatM. H.HahnD.SchnekenburgerJ., “Current in vitro Methods in Nanoparticle Risk Assessment: Limitations and Challenges,”European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics72 (2009): 370–377.
25.
KuempelE.GeraciC., and SchulteP., “Risk Assessment Approaches and Research Needs for Nanomaterials: An Examination of Data and Information from Current Studies,”Nanotechnology: Toxicological Issues and Environmental Safety and Environmental Safety (2007): 119–145.
26.
FischerH. C. and ChanW. C. W., “Nanotoxicity: The Growing Need For in vivo Study,”Current Opinions in Biotechnology18 (2007): 565–571; McAuliffeM. E. and PerryM. J., “Are Nanoparticles Potential Male Reproductive Toxicants? A Literature Review,”Nanotoxicology1, no. 3 (2007): 204–210; WiwanitkitV.SereemaspunA., and RojanathanesR., “Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Spermatozoa: The First World Report,”Fertility and Sterility91, no. 1 (2009): E7-e8, available at <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6K-4RB5BNR-2/2/33a12feb54d3316276cbabaa2d9492b0> (last visited November 28, 2012); ShvedovaA. A. and KaganV. E., “The Role of Nanotoxicology in Realizing the ‘Helping without Harm’ Paradigm of Nanomedicine: Lessons from Studies of Pulmonary Effects of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,”Journal of Internal Medicine267, no. 1 (2010): 106–18, available at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02188.x> (last visited November 28, 2012).
27.
See Resnik and Tinkle, supra note 32.
28.
Id.
29.
KocherR. and SahniN. R., “Rethinking Health Care Labor,”New England Journal of Medicine365 (2012): 1370–1372.
30.
U.S. Dept. of Labor (US DOL), Career Guide to Industries, “Health Care,”Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006–2007 edition), at pp 231, <http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs035.htm> (last visited November 28, 2012)
31.
LipscombJ. and BorwegenB., “Health Care Workers,” in LevyB. S. and WegmanD. H., eds., Occupational Health: Recognizing and Preventing Work-Related Disease and Injury, 4th ed. (Philadelphia: Lipppincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000): At 767–778; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), “Overview: Risks and Prevention of Sharps Injuries in Healthcare Personnel,” in Workbook for Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Sharps Injury Prevention Program,” available at <http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/> (last visited November 28, 2012).
32.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention & National Institutes of Health (CDC/NIH), Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5th ed., 2009, National Institutes of Health, available at <www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL.pdf> (last visited November 28, 2012).
33.
See NIOSH, supra note 16.
34.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and other Hazardous Drugs in Health Care Settings, 2004, available at <http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-165/pdfs/2004-165sum.pdf> (last visited November 28, 2012).
35.
See NIOSH, supra note 16; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Workplace Solutions: Medical Surveillance for Health Care Workers Exposed to Hazardous Drugs, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2007–117 (2007); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Workplace Solutions: Personal Protective Equipment for Health Care Workers Who Work with Hazardous Drugs, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2009-106 (2009); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), NIOSH List of Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Healthcare Settings, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2010–167 (2010).
36.
See Murashov, supra note 8.
37.
NaumannB. D.SargentE. V.StarkmanB. S.FraserW. J.BeckerG. T., and KirkG. D., “Performance-Based Exposure Control Limits for Pharmaceutically Active Ingredients,”American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal57 (1996): 33–42; World Health Organization (WHO), Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals: A Compendium of Guidelines and Related Materials, vol. 2 (including updates), Good Manufacturing Practices and Inspection, updated ed., Geneva, WHO, 2004, available at <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241546190.pdf> (last visited November 28, 2012).
38.
See NIOSH, supra note 50.
39.
See Murashov, supra note 8.
40.
AmassL.LingW.FreeseT. E.ReiberC.AnnonJ. J.CohenA. J.McCartyD.ReidM. S.BrownL. S.ClarkC.ZiedonisD. M.KrejciJ.StineS.WinhusenT.BrighamG.BabcockD.MuirJ. A.BuchanB. J., and HortonT., “Bringing Buprenorphine-Naloxone Detoxification to Community Treatment Providers: The NIDA Clinical Trials Network Field Experience,”American Journal on Addictions13 (2004): S42–S66; WoodF.ProutH.AcharjyaA.NuttallJ.HoodK., and ButlerC., “Exploring the Ethical and Practical Challenges of Conducting Clinical Trials in Care Home Settings,”Trials12, Supp. 1 (2011): A38; AbernethyP.SchwartzbergL. S.LiD.ScottD., and HensleyM., “Feasibility of Conducting Home-based Clinical Trials in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer,”Journal of Clinical Oncology28, no. 15 (2010): May 20 Supplement, Abstract e14647; SackleyC. M.AtkinsonC. J., and WalkerM. F., “Occupational Therapy in Nursing and Residential Care Settings: A Description of a Randomised Controlled Trial Intervention,”British Journal of Occupational Therapy67, no. 3 (2004): 104–110; LucasG. M.FlexnerC. W., and MooreR. D., “Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy in the Treatment of HIV Infection: Benefit or Burden?”AIDS Patient Care and STDs16, no. 11 (2002): 527–535; EischJ. S.CollingJ.OuslanderJ.HadleyB. J., and CampbellE., “Issues in Implementing Clinical Research in Nursing Home Settings,”Journal of the New York State Nurses Association22, no. 3 (1991): 18–22.
41.
See US DOL, supra note 45.
42.
HenriksenK.JosephA.Zayas-CabánT., “The Human Factors of Home Health Care: A Conceptual Model for Examining Safety and Quality Concerns,”Journal of Patient Safety5, no.4 (2009): 229–236.
43.
MyersA.JensenR. C.NestorD., and RattinerJ., “Low Back Injuries among Home Health Aides Compared with Hospital Nursing Aides,”Home Health Care Service Quarterly14 (1993): 149–155.
44.
GershonR.PogorzelskaM.QureshiK., and ShermanM., “Home Health Care Registered Nurses and the Risk of Percutaneous Injuries: A Pilot Study,”American Journal of Infection Control36 (2008): 165–172; DanzigL. E.ShortL. J.CollinsK.MahoneyM.SepeS.BlandL., and JarvisW. R.“Bloodstream Infection Associated with Needleless Intravenous Infusion System in Patients Receiving Home Infusion Therapy,”Journal of the American Medical Association273 (1995): 1862–1864; DoA. N.RayB. J.BanerjeeS.IlianA. F.BarnettB. J.PhamM. H.HendricksK. A., and JarvisW. R., “Bloodstream Infection Associated with Needleless Device Use and the Importance of Infection-Control Practices in the Home Health Care Setting,”Journal of Infectious Diseases179 (1999): 442–448.