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The CDC adopts a definition of “surveillance” as “the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for preventing and controlling disease or injury.” See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guidelines for Defining Public Health Research and Public Health Non-Research, 1999, available at <http://www.cdc.gov/od/science/regs/hrpp/researchdefinition.htm> (last visited December 15, 2009); citing ThackerS. B.BerkelmanR. L., “Public Health Surveillance in the United States,”Epidemiologic Review10 (1988): 164–190.
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“…[B]ecause your diagnosis and ‘subsequent clinical acts’ have their rational basis in our prior, collective experience with groups of patients, it follows that the strategies and tactics of understanding the distribution and determinants of health and disease in groups (i.e., epidemiology) can be useful to you as a physician.” See SackettD. L.HaynesR. B.GuyattG. H., and TugwellP., Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine, 2nd ed. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1991): at 4, emphasis in original.
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GoodmanK. W., “Ethics, Information Technology and Public Health: Duties and Challenges in Computational Epidemiology,” in O'CarrollP. W.YasnoffW. A.WardM. E.RippL. H., and MartinE. L., eds., Public Health Informatics and Information Systems (New York: Springer, 2003): At 251–266.
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