Tobacco Industry Use of Corporate Social Responsibility Tactics as a Sword and a Shield on Secondhand Smoke Issues

See Zadek S. , “The Path to Corporate Responsibility,” Harvard Business Review 82, no. 12 (2004): 125–132.

See Hirschhorn N. , “Corporate Social Responsibility and the Tobacco Industry: Hope or Hype?” Tobacco Control 13, no. 2 (2003): 447–543.

See Smith E. A. Malone R. E. , “Thinking the ‘Unthinkable’: Why Philip Morris Considered Quitting,” Tobacco Control 12, no. 2 (2003): 208–213, at 208.

See World Health Organization Tobacco Free Initiative, Tobacco Industry and Corporate Responsibility … An Inherent Contradiction , February 2003, available at <http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/tob-industry.pdf> (last visited October 14, 2009).

See Szczypka G. Wakefield M. A. Emery S. Terry-McElrath Y. M. Flay B. R. Chaloupka F. J. , “Working to Make an Image: An Analysis of Three Philip Morris Corporate Image Media Campaigns,” Tobacco Control 16, no. 5 (2007): 344–350; Thomson G. , Action on Smoking and Health, Trust Us, We're Socially Responsible: The TRUTH Behind British American's Tobacco NZ's Corporate Social Responsibility Reports, September 2005, available at <http://www.ash.org.nz/pdf/TobaccoIndustry/Conduct/ash-batnz.pdf> (last visited October 14, 2009).

See Wakefield M. McCleod K. Perry C. L. , ““Stay Away from Them Until You're Old Enough to Make a Decision”: Tobacco Company Testimony about Youth Smoking Initiation”, Tobacco Control 15, Supplement IV (2006): iv44–iv53; Mandel L. L. Aguinaga Bialous S. Glantz S. A. , “Avoiding ‘Truth’: Tobacco Industry Promotion of Life Skills Training,” Journal of Adolescent Health 39, no. 6 (2006): 868–879; Landman A. Ling P. M. Glantz S. A. , “Tobacco Industry Youth Smoking Prevention Programs: Protecting the Industry and Hurting Tobacco Control,” American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 6 (2002): 917–930.

See Mahood G. , Tobacco Industry Denormalization, Telling the Truth about the Tobacco Industry's Role in the Tobacco Epidemic , March 2004, at 1, available at <http://www.nsra-adnf.ca/cms/file/pdf/Denormalization_English_Booklet.pdf> (last visited October 14, 2009); Collin J. Gilmore A. , “Corporate (Anti)Social (Ir)Responsibility: Transnational Tobacco Companies and the Attempted Subversion of Global Health Policy,” Global Social Policy 2, no. 3 (2002): 354–360, at 355.

See Zadek , supra note 1.

See Friedman L. C. , “Philip Morris's Website and Commercials Use New Language to Mislead the Public Into Believing It Has Changed Its Stance on Smoking and Disease,” Tobacco Control 16, no. 9 (2007), available at <http://www.tobaccocontrol.com/cgi/content/full/16/6/e9> (last visited October 14, 2009); Yang J. S. , “Working to Shape What Society's Expectations of Us Should Be: Philip Morris's Societal Alignment Strategy,” Tobacco Control 17, no. 6 (2008): 391–398.

See Friedman , supra note 9.

See Yang , supra note 9.

See Sullivan L. Tilson M. Training Program Centre Consultation , Tobacco Industry Denormalization Pack , March 2005, available at <http://www.ptcc-cfc.on.ca/upload/RDS_0093.pdf> (last visited October 14, 2009); Mahood , supra note 7; Ashley M. J. Cohen J. E. , “What the Public Thinks about the Tobacco Industry and Its Products,” Tobacco Control 12, no. 4 (2003): 396–400, at 399.

See Sullivan , supra note 12, at 4; Mahood , supra note 7, at 1.

See Mahood , supra note 7, at 5.

See Leatherdale S. T. Sparks R. Kirsh V. A. , “Beliefs about Tobacco Industry (Mal)Practices and Youth Smoking Behavior: Insight for Future Tobacco Control Campaigns,” Cancer Causes Control 17, no. 5 (2006): 705–711 at 705; see Mahood , supra note 7, at 5.

See Sullivan Tilson , supra note 12, at 10–11, 16; Mahood , supra note 7, at 15–16; Goldman L. K. Glantz S. A. , “Evaluation of Antismoking Advertising Campaigns,” JAMA 279, no. 10 (1998): 772–777, at 774–775.

See Friedman L. C. Daynard R. A. Banthin C. N. , “How Tobacco-Friendly Science Escapes Scrutiny in the Courtroom,” American Journal of Public Health 95, Supplement I (2005): S16–S20 (discussing the tobacco industry's use of “junk science”).

See Sullivan , supra note 12 at 11; Mahood , supra note 7, at 15.

See Bernat D. H. Erickson D. J. Widome R. Perry C. L. Forster J. L. , “Adolescent Smoking Trajectories: Results From a Population-Based Cohort Study,” Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, no. 4 (2008): 334–340; Sullivan , supra note 12, at 6, 18; Goldman , supra note 16.

See Mahood , supra note 7, at 4; Goldman Glantz , supra note 16, at 775.

See Goldman Glantz , supra note 16, at 776.

See Bernat , supra note 19.

See Ling P. M. Neilands T. B. Glantz S. A. , “The Effect of Support for Action against the Tobacco Industry on Smoking among Young Adults,” American Journal of Public Health 97, no. 8 (2007): 1449–1456.

See Hammond D. Fong G. T. Zanna M. P. Thrasher J. F. Borland R. , “Tobacco Denormalization and Industry Beliefs among Smokers from Four Countries,” American Journal of Preventative Medicine 31, no. 3 (2006): 225–232; Mahood , supra note 7, at 15.

See Mahood , supra note 7, at 9.

See Smith Malone , supra note 3, at 211.

United States v. Philip Morris, et al., No. 99-CV-2296 (D.D.C. filed Sept. 22, 1999).

See Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu> (last visited October 14, 2009); for more information about the DOJ Special Collection, see About the Collections, United States Department of Justice , available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/about/about_collections.jsp> (last visited October 14, 2009).

United States v. Philip Morris, et al., No. 99-CV-2296 (D.D.C. filed Sept. 22, 1999), at <http://www.usdoj.gov/civil/cases/tobacco2/complain.pdf> (last visited June 2, 2009).

U.S. v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 449 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2006).

Id., at 851–907.

Id., at 146–308.

Id., at 308–384.

Id., at 430–561.

Id., at 561–692.

Id., at 692–801.

Id., at 801–839.

U.S. v. Philip Morris USA, Inc. , 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 11008 (D.C. Cir. 2009). The appeals court did reverse the district court's decision on one of the remedies it had ordered and on other minor points, but left intact its findings of fact and law regarding the counts of racketeering, conspiracy and fraud.

See Guardino S. D. Daynard R. A. , “Tobacco Industry Lawyers as ‘Disease Vectors,’” Tobacco Control 16, no. 4 (2007): 224–228; Guardino S. D. Daynard R. A. , “Punishing Tobacco Industry Misconduct: The Case for Exceeding a Single Digit Ration between Punitive and Compensatory Damages,” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 67, no. 1 (2005): 38–63.

Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Litigation Against Tobacco Companies, available at <http://www.usdoj.gov/civil/cases/tobacco2/index.htm> (last visited October 14, 2009).

See Zadek , supra note 1, at 126–127.

Reif H. , 3rd Tobacco Scientific Meeting Bergerac, October 20, 1999, Bates No. 2505792374, available at <http://legacylibrary.ucsf.edu/tid/acj77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

“The Tobacco Industry and Its Impact on Scientific and Medical Attitudes and Opinion – A BAT View,” April 8, 1982, Bates No. 680585768, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rnb77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

See Friedman , supra note 9, at 3.

See id.

See id.; Yang , supra note 9.

Web Site Backgrounder, September 20, 1999, Bates No. 2076742771, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gpg77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

“Annual Meeting – 2000 Draft Board,” February 16, 2000, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gxg77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Web Site Backgrounder, September 20, 1999, Bates No. 2076742772, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gpg77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009); Bozell/Eskew Advertising, Mea Culpa/Rev. A, January 6, 1999, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hse77a00> (last weekend June 2, 2009); MES Analyst Speech, October 23, 2000, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/tyg77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Web Site Backgrounder, September 20, 1999, Bates No. 2076742780–2076742781, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gpg77a00> (accessed last visited October 14, 2009).

McDaniel P. A. Malone R. E. , “The Role of Corporate Credibility in Legitimizing Disease Promotion,” American Journal of Public Health 99, no. 3 (2009): 452–461.

Web Site Backgrounder, September 20, 1999, Bates No. 2076742771, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gpg77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Letter from William Kloepfer to Donald K Hoel regarding February meeting of ETS Advisory Group, March 24, 1987, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jnc77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009); Summary Analysis of Strategic Alternatives, October 17, 1994, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/exd77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Summary Analysis of Strategic Alternatives, October 17, 1994, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/exd77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

IARC Communications, January 16, 1997, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/oob77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Lorillard Corporate Communication Project, Bates No. 82579120, 82579115, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/shc77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009) (emphasis in original).

Id., at Bates No. 82579121.

Summary Analysis of Strategic Alternatives, October 17, 1994, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/exd77a00> (accessed June 2, 2009).

Philip Morris, FDA & Tobacco, April 2008, available at <http://www.philipmorrisusa.com/en/cms/Responsibility/Government_Relations/Legislative_Issues/pdfs/fda_and_tobacco.pdf.aspx> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Summary Analysis of Strategic Alternatives, October 17, 1994, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/exd77a00> (accessed March 26, 2009).

Ward M. E. , “Hong Kong,” Email, October 7, 1995, Bates No. 531995265, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wty36a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Trial testimony of John P. Rupp October 28, 2004 [a.m.], United States of America v. Philip Morris USA Inc. , October 28, 2004, at 1183, available at <http://tobaccodocuments.org/datta/RUPPJ102804AM.html> (last visited March 26, 2009; access restricted).

Ely R. L. O. , “Letter from RLO Ely to E Pepples Enclosing Lee's Latest Report to the TAC,” June 19, 1981, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ylb77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Id., at Bates No. 521024595.

Trial testimony of John P. Rupp October 28, 2004 [a.m.], United States of America v. Philip Morris USA Inc. , October 28, 2004, at 1184, available at <http://tobaccodocuments.org/datta/RUPPJ102804AM.html> (last visited March 26, 2009; access restricted).

U.S. v. Philip Morris U.S.A., Inc. , 449 F. Supp.2d 1, 717 (D.D.C. 2006) (citing Colby F.G. Lee P. B. , June 12, 1981, Bates No. 501622432–2433, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gtf35a00> (last visited June 2, 2009)).

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Moskowitz S. W. , “IARC Communications,” January 16, 1997, Bates No. 700900322, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/oob77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

For a description of Philip Morris's PM21 charitable giving program, see Tesler L. E. Malone R. E. , “Corporate Philanthropy, Lobbying and Public Health Policy,” American Journal of Public Health 98, no. 12 (2008): 2123–2133.

Berlind M. , “Glantz Message on ETS/Website,” October 6, 1999, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/agh77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

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Wells J. Kendrick J. , “Thresholds,” October 13, 1988, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mdb77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

Berlind M. , “Draft Revised Policy,” April 26, 2001, available at <http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/tph77a00> (last visited October 14, 2009).

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See Friedman , supra note 17, at S18 n. 26.

Trial testimony of John Graham Robertson, October 25, 2004, United States of America v. Philip Morris USA, Inc. , October 25, 2004, at 1159, 1170–71, available at <http://tobaccodocuments.org/datta/ROBERTSONJ102504.html> (last visited March 26, 2009; access restricted).

Id., at 1155, 1166.

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Id. at Bates No. TIDN0016359.

Trial testimony of John Graham Robertson, October 25, 2004, United States of America v. Philip Morris USA, Inc. , October 25, 2004, at 1249, available at <http://tobaccodocuments.org/datta/ROBERTSONJ102504.html> (last visited March 26, 2009; access restricted).