Preemption of Local Smoke-Free Air Ordinances: The Implications of Judicial Opinions for Meeting National Health Objectives

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System,” available at <http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/statesystem> (last visited March 10, 2008).

See U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, supra note 3.

Jacobson P. D. Wasserman J. , “The Implementation and Enforcement of Tobacco Control Laws: Policy Implications for Activists and the Industry,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law 24, no. 3 (1999): 567–598; National Cancer Institute, “State and Local Legislative Action to Reduce Tobacco Use,” Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 11., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, August 2000.

Pritchard R. , “Tobacco Industry Speaks with One Voice, Once Again,” United States Tobacco and Candy Journal (July 17- August 6, 1986): 86–88; Smoking Control Advocacy Resource Center Action Alert, Secret Document Confirms Tobacco Industry Preemption Strategy, Advocacy Institute, Washington, D.C., 1991.

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See Siegel , supra 3.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Preemptive State Smoke-Free Indoor Air Laws — United States, 1999–2004,” Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 54, no. 10 (2005): 250–254.

See Jacobson Wasserman , supra note 6.

Nixon M. L. Mahmoud L. Glantz S. A. , “Tobacco Industry Litigation to Deter Local Public Health Ordinances: The Industry Usually Loses in Court,” Tobacco Control 13, no. 1 (2004): 65–73.

See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, supra note 4; D.A.B.E., Inc., d.b.a. Arnie's Saloon, et al. v. Toledo-Lucas County Board of Health, et al., 773 N.E.2d 536 (2002).

Id. (D.A.B.E., Inc.)

Fred Boreali et al. v. David M. Axelrod et al., 130 A.D.2d 107 (1987).

N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 225(1) (1987).

City of Roanoke Rapids v. Peedin , 478 S.E.2d 528, 533 (1996).

Iowa Code § 142B.2 (2001).

Iowa Code § 142B.6 (2001).

James Enterprises, Inc. v. City of Ames , 661 N.W.2d 150 (2003).

Mitchell's Bar & Restaurant Inc. et al. v. Allegheny County , 924 A.2d 730 (2007).

Michigan Restaurant Association v. City of Marquette , 66 N.W.2d 418 (2001).

Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.12905(2) (2001).

Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.12915 (2001).

Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 70.160.030-.070 (2005).

Entertainment Industry Coalition v. Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department and the Tacoma-Pierce County Board of Health , 105 P.3d 985 (2005).

JTR ColeBrook, Inc. v. Town of Colebrook , 149 N.H. 767, 829 A.2d 1089 (2003).

Princeton, New Jersey Regional Health Commission Ordinance 2000–01.

LDM, Inc. v. Princeton Regional Health Commission , 764 A.2d 507 (2000).

City of San Jose v. Department of Health Services , 66 Cal. App.4th 35 (1998).

Steffes v. City of Lawrence , 160 P.3d 843 (2007).

Lexington Fayette County Food and Beverage Association v. Lexington Fayette Urban County Government , 131 S.W.3d 745 (2004).

Tri-Nel Management, Inc. v. Board of Health of Barnstable , 741 N.E.2d. 37, Mass (2001); American Lithuanian Naturalization Club, Athol, Mass., Inc. v. Board of Health of Athol, 2006 WL 696704 (Mass.).

Oregon Restaurant Association v. City of Corvalis , 999 P.2d 518 (2000).

Amico's Incorporated, d/b/a Pal's Family Restaurant et al. v. Thomas Mattos et al , 789 A.2d 899 (2002).

City of Tucson v. Grezaffi , 23 P.3d 675 (2001).

Foundation for Independent Living, Inc. et al v. The Cabell-Hunting Board of Health , 591 S.E.2d 744 (2003).

American Cancer Society, et al. v. State of Montana , 103 P.3d 1085 (2004).

McNeil et al. v. Charlevoiz County, 2007 Mich. App. 1465 (2007).

Traditions Tavern et al. v. City of Columbus , 870 N.E. 2d 1197 (2007).

2001 Or. Laws 990; 2001 Or H.B. 2828 (codified at Or. Rev. Stat. §433.83 [2001]). However, Oregon has since repealed preemption of Clean Indoor Air laws, effective January 1, 2009. 2007 Or. Laws 602; 2007 Or S.B. 571.

2005 Mt. Laws 268; 2005 Mt. HB 643; 2005 Mt. Laws 268 provides that the preemptive provisions sunset in 2009.

See Tri-Nel Management, Inc. v. Board of Health of Barnstable, supra note 36.

2004 Mass. Adv. Legis. Serv. c. 137; 2003 Mass. H.B. 4256 (codified at Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 270, §§ 20–22 [2003]).

See American Lithuanian Naturalization Club, Athol, Mass., Inc. v. Board of Health of Athol, supra note 36.

Black's Law Dictionary Pocket Edition, s.v. “stare decisis.”51. See supra note 45.

See Mt. Laws and Mt. HB, supra note 46.

Washington Initiative Measure 901 (2005) (codified at Wash. Rev. Code §§ 70.160.020, -.030 [2005]).

Hobart R. , “Preemption: Taking the Local Out of Tobacco Control. Why Big Tobacco Hates Local Control, What It Will Do to Eliminate It, How Advocates Can Fight Back,” American Medical Association, 2003, at 1–21, available at <http://www.rwjf.org/newsroom/SLSPreemption2003.pdf> (last visited March 20, 2008); see Siegel , supra note 3.

See JTR ColeBrook, Inc. v. Town of Colebrook, supra note 28.

See Entertainment Industry Coalition v. Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department and the Tacoma-Pierce County Board of Health, supra note 27.

See Jacobson Wasserman , supra note 6.

See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, supra note 4.

Phillip Morris, U.S.A., “Legislation and Regulation: Public Place Smoking Restrictions,” available at <http://www.philipmorrisusa.com/en/legislation_regulation/smoking_restrictions.asp> (last visited March 10, 2008); Reynolds R. J. Tobacco Company, “Our Position on Smoking Restriction,” available at <http://www.rjrt.com/legal/stateBans.asp> (last visited March 10, 2008).

Task Force on Community Preventive Services, “Guide to Community Preventive Services: Tobacco Use Prevention and Control,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 20, no. 2, Supplement 1 (2001): 1–87.

See U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, supra note 3.