Incidental Findings in Pediatric Research

Wolf S. M. , “Managing Incidental Findings in Human Subjects Research: Analysis and Recommendations,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 2 (2008): 219–248.

Freedman B. , “In Loco Parentis: Minimal Risk as an Ethical Threshold for Research upon Children,” Hastings Center Report 23, no. 2 (1993): 13–19.

Burke W. , “Genetic Test Evaluation: Information Needs of Clinicians, Policy Makers, and the Public,” American Journal of Epidemiology 156, no. 4 (2002): 311–318.

Diekema D. S. , “Parental Refusals of Medical Treatment: The Harm Principle as Threshold for State Intervention” Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 24, no. 4 (2004): 243–264.

Campbell A. T. , “Consent, Competence, and Confidentiality Related to Psychiatric Conditions in Adolescent Medicine Practice,” Adolescent Medicine Clinics 17, no. 1 (2006): 25–47.

Rozovsky F. A. , Consent to Treatment: A Practical Guide, 4th ed. (New York: Aspen, 2007): Chap. 5.02 [a], at 20–22.

Protection of Human Subjects: Subpart D — Additional Protections for Children Involved as Subjects in Research, 45 C.F.R. 46 (2007).

Miller F. G. Wendler D. Wilfond B. S. “When Do the Federal Regulations Allow Placebo-Controlled Trials in Children?” Journal of Pediatrics 142, no. 2 (2003): 102–107.

Illes J. , “Ethical Consideration of Incidental Findings on Adult Brain MRI in Research,” Neurology 62, no. 6 (2004): 888–890.

See Wolf , supra note 1; Beskow L. M. , “Informed Consent for Population-Based Research Involving Genetics,” JAMA 286, no. 18 (2001): 2315–2321; Bookman E. B. , “Reporting Genetic Results in Research Studies: Summary and Recommendations of an NHLBI Working Group,” American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 140, no. 10 (2006): 1033–1040; Renegar G. , “Returning Genetic Research Results to Individuals: Points-to-Consider,” Bioethics 20, no. 1 (2006): 24–36.

Santelli J. S. , “Guidelines for Adolescent Health Research: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine,” Journal of Adolescent Health 33, no. 5 (2003): 396–409.

Sigman G. S. , “Disclosure of a Diagnosis to Children and Adolescents When Parents Object: A Clinical Ethics Analysis,” American Journal of Diseases of Children 147, no. 7 (1993): 764–768; Wiener L. , “Disclosure of an HIV Diagnosis to Children: History, Current Research, and Future Directions,” Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 28, no. 2 (2007): 155–166.

Ford C. , “Confidential Health Care for Adolescents: Position Paper for the Society for Adolescent Medicine,” Journal of Adolescent Health 35, no. 2 (2004): 160–167.

See Campbell , supra note 5.

See Protection of Human Subjects, supra note 7.

See Ford , supra note 14.

Shalowitz D. I. Miller F. G. , “Disclosing Individual Results of Clinical Research: Implications of Respect for Participants,” JAMA 294, no. 6 (2005): 737–740; Ravitsky V. Wilfond B. S. , “Disclosing Individual Genetic Results to Research Participants,” American Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 6 (2006): 8–17.

Clayton E. W. Ross L. F. , “Implications of Disclosing Individual Results of Clinical Research,” JAMA 295, no. 1 (2006): 37; Shalowitz D. I. Miller F. G. , “Implications of Disclosing Individual Results of Clinical Research,” JAMA 295, no. 1 (2006) 37–38.

Wendler D. , “The Ethics of Paying for Children's Participation in Research,” Journal of Pediatrics 141, no. 2 (2002): 166–171.

Davis D. S. , “Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future,” Hastings Center Report 27, no. 2 (1997): 7–15.

Chidiac R. M. Aron D. C. , “Incidentalomas: A Disease of Modern Technology,” Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 26, no. 1 (1997): 233–253.

American Society of Human Genetics Board of Directors, “Points to Consider: Ethical, Legal, and Psychosocial Implications of Genetic Testing in Children and Adolescents,” American Journal of Human Genetics 57, no. 5 (1995): 1233–1241; Nelson R. M. , “Ethical Issues with Genetic Testing in Pediatrics,” Pediatrics 107, no. 6 (2001): 1451–1455.

Lucassen A. Parker M. , “Revealing False Paternity: Some Ethical Considerations,” The Lancet 357, no. 9261 (2001): 1033–1035; Taub S. , “Managing Familial Risk in Genetic Testing” Genetic Testing 8, no. 3 (2004): 356–359; Richards J. L. Wolf S. , “Medical Confidentiality and Disclosure of Paternity,” South Dakota Law Review 48, no. 3 (2003): 409–442; Ross L. F. , “Disclosing Misattributed Paternity,” Bioethics 10, no. 2 (1996): 114–130.

Gollust S. E. , “Direct-to-Consumer Sales of Genetic Services on the Internet,” Genetics in Medicine 5, no. 4 (2003): 332–337.