Looking Ahead: Addressing Ethical Challenges in Public Health Practice

Some of the recent work that makes this point include the following: Bayer R. Gostin L. Jennings B. Steinbock B. , eds., Public Health Ethics: Theory, Policy and Practice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007); Bayer R. Fairchild A. , “The Genesis of Public Health Ethics,” Bioethics 18, no. 6 (2004): 473–92; Childress J. F. Faden R. R. Gaare R. D. Gostin L. O. Kahn J. Bonnie R. J. Kass N. E. Mastroianni A. C. Moreno J. D. Nieburg P. , “Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrain,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 170–78; Callahan D. Jennings B. “Ethics and Public Health: Forging a Strong Relationship,” American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 2 (2002): 169–76; and Kass N. , “An Ethics Framework for Public Health,” American Journal of Public Health 91, no. 11 (2001): 1776–82.

Id. (Kass, 2001); Kass N. , “Public Health Ethics: From Foundations and Frameworks to Justice and Global Public Health,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 2 (2004): 232–42; and Thomas J. Sage M. Dillenberg J. Guillory V. J. , “A Code of Ethics for Public Health,” American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 7 (2002): 1057–59.

Greenwall Foundation Pilot Grant, “Public Health Ethics in Practice: A Pilot Study of Day-to-Day Ethical Issues in Public Health Practice in Michigan,” funded from 2006–2008.

See, for example, Kass (2001), supra note 1.

For example, Gostin L. Powers M. , “What Does Social Justice Require for the Public's Health? Public Health Ethics and Policy Imperatives,” Health Affairs 25, no. 4 (2006): 1053–60.

See Bayer Fairchild (2004), supra note 1, among others.

Schneider C. , The Practice of Autonomy: Patients, Doctors, and Medical Decisions (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).

Bernheim R. G. , “Public Health Ethics: The Voice of Practitioners,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, no. 4, Supplement (2003): 104–9; see Bayer Fairchild (2004), supra note 1; Childress , supra note 1; Callahan Jennings , supra note 1; and Kass (2004), supra note 2, among others.

See both Wynia M. , “Oversimplifications I: Physicians Don't Do Public Health,” American Journal of Bioethics 5, no. 4 (2005): 4–5; and Wynia M. , “Oversimplifications II: Public Health Ethics Ignores Individual Rights,” American Journal of Bioethics 5, no. 5 (2005): 6–8.

See Gostin Powers , supra note 5; Bayer Fairchild , supra note 1; Nieburg P. Bernheim R. G. Bonnie R. , “Ethics and the Practice of Public Health,” in Goodman R. , eds., Law in Public Health Practice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003); Childress , supra note 1; Callahan Jennings , supra note 1; Kass (2001), supra note 1.

See Kass (2001), supra note 1; Childress , supra note 1; and Nieburg , supra note 10.

See Kass (2001), supra note 1.

See Childress , supra note 1.

See Nieburg , supra note 10.

See Gostin Powers , supra note 5.

See Daniels N. , “Justice, Health and Healthcare,” American Journal of Bioethics 1, no. 2 (2001): 2–16; or Daniels N. Sabin J. E. , “Limits to Healthcare: Fair Procedures, Democratic Deliberation, and the Legitimacy Problem for Insurers,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 26, no. 4 (1997): 303–50.

See, for example, Childress J. F. Bernheim R. G. , “Beyond the Liberal and Communitarian Impasse: A Framework and Vision for Public Health,” Florida Law Review 55, no. 5 (2003): 1191–1219.

Institute of Medicine, The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2003).

See Thomas , supra note 2.

Beauchamp T. Childress J. , Principles of Biomedical Ethics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989); Maciosek M. Coffield A. Edwards N. Fottemesch T. Goodman M. Solberg L. , “Priorities Among Effective Clinical Preventive Services,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 31, no. 1 (2006): 52–61.

Keane C. Marx J. Ricci E. , “Local Health Departments' Mission to the Uninsured,” Journal of Public Health Policy 24, no. 2 (2003): 130–49.

Epstein R. , “Let the Shoemaker Stick to His Last: A Defense of the ‘Old’ Public Health,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 4, no. 3, Supplement (2003): S138–59; Hall M. , “The Scope and Limits of Public Health Law,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 46, no. 3, Supplement (2003): S199–S209.

Gostin L. O. Bloche M. G. , “The Politics of Public Health,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 46, no. 3 (2003): S160–75; id. (Epstein).

Mullan F. , “Don Quixote, Machiavelli, and Robin Hood: Public Health Practice, Past and Present,” American Journal of Public Health 90, no. 5 (2000): 702.

Block L. , “Antifluoridationists Persist: The Constitutional Basis for Fluoridation,” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 46, no. 4 (1986): 188–98; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Oral Health, “Achievements in Public Health, 1900–99: Fluoridation of Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 41 (1999): 933–40.

Wynia M. , “Risk and Trust in Public Health: A Cautionary Tale,” American Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 2 (2006): 3–6.

Hyde J. Basil K. Martinez L. Clark M. Hacker K. , “Better Prepared but Spread Too Thin: The Impact of Emergency Preparedness Funding on Local Public Health,” Disaster Management Response 4, no. 4 (2006): 106–13.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States , 2007, available at <http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/community/community_mitigation.pdf> (last visited August 16, 2007).

Gutmann A. Thompson D. , “Deliberating about Bioethics,” Hastings Center Report 27, no. 3 (1997): 38–41.

See Gostin Powers , supra note 5; see also Powers M. Faden R. , Social Justice: The Moral Foundations of Public Health and Health Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).

See Kass , supra note 2.

See Gostin Powers , supra note 5.

See Daniels Sabin , supra note 16.

Emanuel E. , “Foreward,” in Danis M. Clancy C. Churchill L. , eds., Ethical Dimensions of Health Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002): At x.