Ethics of Population-Based Research

L. O. Gostin, J. G. Hodge, Jr., and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Advisory Council, Public Health Practice vs. Research: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners , 2004, available at <http://www.cste.org/pdffiles/newpdffiles/CSTEPH-ResRptHodgeFinal.5.24.04.pdf> (last visited March 15, 2007); Hodge J. G. Jr. , “An Enhanced Approach to Distinguishing Public Health Practice and Human Subjects Research,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 1 (2002): 125–141; Human Research Protection Office, Defining Public Health Research and Public Health Non-Research , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 1999; National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants , National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Washington D.C., 2001; Amoroso P. J. Middaugh J. P. , “Research vs. Public Health Practice: When Does a Study Require IRB Review?” Preventive Medicine 36, no. 2 (2002): 250–53.

Institute of Medicine, Ethical Considerations for Research on Housing-Related Health Hazards Involving Children (Washington D.C.: National Academies Press, 2005).

Stokstad E. , “EPA Criticized for Study of Child Pesticide Exposure,” Science 306, no. 5698 (2004): 961.

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Belmont Report, Washington, D.C., 1979.

Powers M. Faden R. , Social Justice: The Moral Foundations of Public Health and Health Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).

See Hodge , supra note 1; see also Bellin E. Dubler N. N. , “The Quality Improvement-Research Divide and the Need for External Oversight,” American Journal of Public Health 91, no. 9 (2001): 1512–17.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention, “Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2006” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 55, no. RR-11 (2006): 1–100; Gostin L. O. , Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000).

Hodge J. G. Jr. , “School Vaccination Requirements: Legal and Social Perspectives,” National Conference of State Legislatures State Legislative Report 27, no. 14 (2002), available at <http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/slr2714.htm> (last visited March 15, 2007).

See Powers Faden , supra note 5.

Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins CARES Mobile Safety Center, Johns Hopkins University, 2006, available at <http://www.jhsph.edu/injurycenter/safetycenters/Mobile_Safety_Center.html> (last visited March 7, 2007).

This case example is a variation on a case first presented in Taylor G. Johnson S. Faden R. Kass N. , “The Ethics of Public Health Research: Moral Obligations to Communities,” in Kristian Heggenhougen H. , ed., Encyclopedia of Public Health (Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier, to be published mid 2007).

Cohen J. Enserink M. , “Rough-and-Tumble Behind Bush's Smallpox Policy,” Science 298, no. 5602 (2003): 2312.

D. A. Henderson and the Working Group on Civilian Biodefense, “Smallpox as Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management,” JAMA 281, no. 22 (1999): 2127–37.

Lane J. M. Ruben F. L. Neff J. M. Millar J. D. , “Complications of Smallpox Vaccination, 1968: National Surveillance in the United States,” New England Journal of Medicine 281, no. 22 (1969): 1201–08.

Mastroianni A. C. Kahn J. , “Risk and Responsibility: Ethics, Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger, and Public Health Research Involving Children,” American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 12 (2002): 1073–76.

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Koblin B. Heagerty P. Sheon A. Buchbinder S. Celum C. Douglas J. , “Readiness of High-Risk Populations in the HIV Network for Prevention Trials to Participated in HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials in the United States,” AIDS 12, no. 7 (1998): 785–779; Fox R. Odaka N. J. Brookmeyer R. Polk B. F. , “Effect of HIV Antibody Disclosure on Subsequent Sexual Activity in Homosexual Men,” AIDS 1, no. 1 (1987): 241–6; Agot K. E. Kiarie J. N. Nguyen H. Q. Odihiambo J. O. Onyango T. M. Weiss N. S. , “Male Circumcision in Siaya and Bondo Districts, Kenya: Prospective Cohort Study to Assess Behavioral Disinhibition Following Circumcision,” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 44, no. 1 (2007): 66–70.

Foster M. Sharp R. , “Ethical Issues in Medical-Sequencing Research: Implications of Genotype-Phenotype Studies for Individuals and Populations,” Human Molecular Genetics 15, Review Issue 1 (2006): R45–R49.