Is the Tobacco Settlement Constitutional?

U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 10, Clause 3.

Givel M. and Glantz S. A. , “The ‘Global Settlement’ with the Tobacco Industry: 6 Years Later,” American Journal of Public Health 94, no. 2 (2004): 218–224; Hu Teh-Wei , “Reducing Cigarette Consumption in California: Tobacco Taxes vs. an Anti-Smoking Media Campaign,” American Journal of Public Health 85, no. 9 (1995): 1218–1222.

Schroeder S. A. , “Tobacco Control in the Wake of the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement,” New England Journal of Medicine 350, no. 3 (2004): 293–301.

McCaffree D. R. , “The ‘Big Tobacco’ Settlement: The ACCP Viewpoint,” Chest 113, no. 6 (1998): 1682–1683; National Association of Attorneys General, “Master Settlement Agreement,” available at <http://www.naag.org/backpages/naag/tobacco/msa/msa-pdf/1109185724_1032468605_cigmsa.pdf> (last visited August 22, 2006).

U. S. Steel Corp. v. Multistate Tax Commission , 434 U.S. 452 (1978).

Virginia v. Tennessee , 148 U.S. 503 (1893); New Hampshire v. Maine, 426 U.S. 363 (1976).

Bode v. Barrett, 344 U.S. 583 (1953).

Cuyler v. Adams, 449 U.S. 433 (1981).

Bode v. Barrett, supra note 8.

U. S. Steel Corp. v. Multistate Tax Commission , supra note 6.

Star Scientific, Inc. v. Beales, 278 F.3d 339 (4th Cir. 2002).

Mariana v. Fisher, 226 F.Supp.2d 575 (M.D.Pa. 2002), certiorari denied 540 U.S. 1179 (2002); Star Scientific, Inc. v. Kilgore, 2002 U.S. LEXIS 5557 (2002).

Bode v. Barrett, supra note 8.

42 U.S.C. § 1396(d)(3)(B)(i-ii)(Supp. V 1999).

15 U.S.C. § 1334(b).

PTI, Inc. v. Philip Morris Inc. , 100 F.Supp.2d 1179 (C.D.Cal.2000); Grand River Enter, Six Nations Ltd. V. Pryor , 2003 WL 22232974 (S.D.N.Y. 2003).

Healy v. The Beer Institute , 491 U.S. 324 (1989).

City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey, 437 U.S. 617 (1978).

Automated Salvage Transport Inc. v. Wheelabrator Entl. Sys., Inc. , 155 F.3d 59 (2d Cir.1998).

U.S. Constitution, Amendment 10.

Tennessee Elec. Powe Co. v. TVA , 306 U.S. 118 (1939).

O'Connell V. , “States Siphon off Bigger Share of Tobacco-Settlement Money,” Wall Street Journal, October 2003, at 9; Schroeder S. A. , supra note 3.

Gross C. P. , “State Expenditures for Tobacco-Control Programs and the Tobacco Settlement,” New England Journal of Medicine 347, no. 14 (2002): 1080–1086.

Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, “A Broken Promise to Our Children: The 1998 Tobacco Settlement Seven Years Later,” available at <http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/settlements/2006/fullreport.pdf> (last visited August 14, 2006).

Government Accountability Office, Tobacco Settlement: States Allocations of Fiscal Year 2004 and Expected Fiscal Year 2005 Payments, Report 05–312, March 2005.

Rajkumar R. and Gross C. , “Tobacco-Control Dollars Went to Everything But,” Hartford Courant, December 31, 2002.

King C. III and Siegel M. , “The Master Settlement Agreement with the Tobacco Industry and Cigarette Advertising in Magazines,” New England Journal of Medicine 345, no. 7 (2001): 504–511; Chung P. J. , “Youth Targeting by Tobacco Manufacturers Since the Master Settlement Agreement: The First Study to Document Violations of the Youth-Targeting Ban in Magazine Ads by the Three Top U.S. Tobacco Companies,” Health Affairs 21, no. 2 (2002): 254–263.

Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, supra note 25.

United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, available at <http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/SDP/view.asp?f=specialty/92015/> (last visited August 14, 2006).

Altria Group, Inc., “2004 Annual Report,” available at <http://www.altria.com/AnnualReport/ar2004/2004ar_05_0100.aspx> (last visited August 14, 2006).

Gross C. P. , supra note 24.

Tauras J. A. , “State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking,” American Journal of Public Health 95, no. 2 (2005): 338–44.

Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, supra note 25.

Farrelly M. C. , “The Impact of Tobacco Control Program Expenditures on Aggregate Cigarette Sales: 1981–2000,” Journal of Health Economics 22, no. 5 (2003): 843–859; See Hu Teh-Wei , supra note 2; Pierce J. P. , “Has the California Tobacco Control Program Reduced Smoking?” Journal of the American Medical Association 280, no. 10 (1998): 893–899.