See, for example, Genetic Materials: Resources, Rights, or Sacred Objects – Alternatives to the Intellectual Property Regime for Protecting Indigenous Genetic Materials, Denver, 2001; Roundtable on Indigenous Peoples' Genetic Research Priorities, with the Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2002, International Institute for Indigenous Resource Management website, at <http://www.iiirm.org> (last visited March 20, 2006).
The Role of Science and Technology in Society and Governance Toward a New Contract between Science and Society, Executive Summary of the Report of the North American Meeting held in advance of the World Conference on Science, Kananaskis Village, Alberta, Canada, at <http://www.nature.com/wcs/m05s.html> (last visited March 7, 2006).
PalmerC. and TanoM., Mokomokai: Commercialization and Desacralization, August 2004, and PalmerC., Ancient Hawaiian Management of Genetic Material, July 2001, International Institute for Indigenous Resource Management.
TanoM., Background Material for the American Indian & Alaskan Native Environmental Justice Roundtable, Final Report, (Columbia, SC: Medical University of South Carolina Press, 2001).
TanoM., “Identifying the Burdens and Opportunities for Tribes and Communities in Federal Facility Cleanup Activities: Environmental Remediation Technology Assessment Matrix For Tribal and Community Decision-Makers,”at <http://www.iirm.org/publications/pubs/htm> (last visited March 20, 2006), Denver, Colorado, (December 23, 2002).
LapachinL. and TanoM., “Developing the Environmental Remediation Technology Matrix for Tribal Decision-Makers to Assess and Evaluate Tribal Implications and Opportunities Throughout the Department of Energy's Cleanup Activities,”International Institute for Indigenous Resource Management, Denver, Colorado, at <http://www.iirm.org/publications/pubs.htm> (last visited March 20, 2006).
20.
Armstrong, supra note 15.
21.
U.S. Geological Survey, “Mercury in U.S. Coal – Abundance, Distribution, and Modes of Occurrence,” USGS Fact Sheet FS-095-01, available at <http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs095-01/fs095-01.pdf> (last visited March 7, 2006).
22.
ScanlanM. K., Comments of the Indigenous Environmental Network to US EPA, Docket No. A-92-55, EPA Decision to Regulate Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) from Electric Utility Generating Units under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act on or before December 15, 2000, (June 13, 2000).
23.
For an inventory of airborne contaminants, see, for example, the reports of the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission, at <http://www.nmia.com/lwvabc/back.html> (last visited March 20, 2006).
24.
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, “Environmental Protection in the Federal Coal Leasing Program,” OTA-E-237, May 1984.
NorrellB., “Zuni Pueblo and Navajos Celebrate Transfer of Fort Wingate Land,”Indian Country Today, July 26, 2000, at <http://www.indiancountry.com/?740> (last visited March 20, 2006).
29.
See Watchman-MooreD., Background Material for the American Indian & Alaskan Native Environmental Justice Roundtable, Final Report (Columbia, SC: Medical University of South Carolina Press2001); EichstaedtP. H., If You Poison Us: Uranium and Native Americans (Santa Fe: Red Crane Books, 1994) (inter alia for uranium mining impacts on Navajo miners and landscape).
In ScanlanM. K., Comments of the Indigenous Environmental Network to US EPA, Docket No. A-92-55, EPA Decision to Regulate Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) from Electric Utility Generating Units under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act on or before December 15, 2000 (June 13, 2000).
33.
BradburyD., “Contamination in Fish Weakens Cultural Link for Maine Tribe,”Maine Sunday Telegram and Portland Press Herald, at <http://www.portland.com/specialrpts/mercury/indians.htm> (last visited March 20, 2006), Portland, Maine, (1997).
HarrisS. and HarperB., Environmental Justice in Indian Country: Using Equity Assessments to Evaluate Impacts to Trust Resources, Watersheds, and Eco-Cultural Landscapes, International Institute for Indigenous Resource Management, at <http://www.iiirm.org/publications/EnvJust/papero∼1.pdf> (last visited March 20, 2006), Denver, Colorado.
36.
National Research Council, Environmental Contamination, Biotechnology, and the Law: The Impact of Emerging Genomic Information: Summary of a Forum (Washington, DC: National Printing Office, 2001).
37.
Id.
38.
The term, “whakapapa,” was introduced by Maori participants of the Institute's discursive dialogues and embraced by all participants as a richer, more descriptive reference to indigenous genealogy or pedigree. “Papa” is anything broad, flat and hard such as a flat rock, a slab or a board. “Whakapapa” is to place in layers, lay one upon another. Hence the term whakapapa is used to describe both the recitation in proper order of genealogies, and also to name the genealogies. The visualization is of building layer by layer upon the past towards the present, and on into the future. The whakapapa include not just the genealogies but the many spiritual, mythological and human stories that flesh out the genealogical backbone.
39.
RumballS.RumballS.McCallA., reporters, “Draft Report on Collection, Treatment, Storage and Use of Genetic Data,”Working Group of the International Bioethics Committee on Genetic Data, UNESCO SHS-503/01/CIB-8/3, Paris, France, (September 3, 2001).
40.
See, for example, EPA, Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS): Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (HHEM), (Part A), Interim Final, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC, 1989 EPA/540/1-89/002, OSWER 9285.70–02B; EPA, Role of the Baseline Risk Assessment in Superfund Remedy Selection Decisions, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC, 1991 OSWER 9355.0–30. For tribal perspectives of risk-based environmental protection and environmental remediation see, for example, HarrisS. and HarperB., “A Native American Exposure Scenario,”Risk Analysis17, no. 6 (1997): 789–795; HarrisS. and HarperB., “Risk Assessment for Tribal Communities: A Response to the President's Commission on Risk Assessment and a Challenge to the Risk Community At Large,”Inside EPA's Risk Policy Report4, no. 10 (1997): 29–32; HarrisS. and HarperB., “Lifestyles, Diets, and Native American Exposure Factors Related to Possible Lead Exposure and Toxicity,”Environmental Research86, no. 2 (2001): 140–148; HarrisS. and HarperB., 2002, “Measuring Risks to Tribal Community Health and Culture,”Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Recent Achievements in Environmental Fate and Transport9 (2001): 39–49 ASTM STP 1381, PriceF. T.BrixK. V., and LaneN. K., eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA; HarrisS. and HarperB., “Using Eco-Cultural Dependency Webs in Risk Assessment and Characterization of Risks to Tribal Health and Cultures,”Environmental Science and Pollution Research7, Special Issue 2 (2002): 91–100.
