McEwenJ.E. and ReillyP.R., “Stored Guthrie Cards as DNA ‘Banks’”American Journal of Human Genetics55 (1994): 196–200.
2.
TherrellB.L.HannonW.H.PassK.A., “Guidelines for the Retention, Storage, and Use of Residual Dried Blood Spot Samples after Newborn Screening Analysis: Statement of the Council of Regional Networks for Genetic Services,”Biochemical and Molecular Medicine57 (1996): 116–24.
3.
HannonW.H.HendersonL.O., and BellC.J., “Newborn Screening Quality Assurance” in KhouryM.J.BurkeW., and ThomsonE.J., eds., Genetics and Public Health in the 21st Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000): 243–60.
4.
Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA), Policy Statement on the Retention, Storage and Use of Sample Cards from Newborn Screening Programs, Australia, (1999).
5.
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), “Serving the Family from Birth to the Medical Home. Newborn Screening: A Blueprint for the Future,”Pediatrics106, no. 2, suppl. (2000): 389–422.
See Therrell, supra note 2; See HGSA, supra note 4; Association française pour le dépistage et la prévention des handicaps de l'enfant (AFDPHE), “Les Prélèvements de Sang sur Papier pour le Dépistage Néonatal. Recommandations pour leur Collecte, leur Traitement et leur Conservation,”Archives de Pédiatrie2 (1995): 3–7.
10.
Personal communication with Dr. Claude Laberge from the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval in November 2002.
11.
See AFDPHE, supra note 9.
12.
France – National Consultative Bioethics Committee (CCNE), Opinion and Recommendations on “Genetics and Medicine: From Prediction to Prevention,” Report, No. 46 (October 30, 1995).
13.
Australia – National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council, Retention of Laboratory Records and Diagnostic Material (2002).
14.
Australia – National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council, Retention of Laboratory Records and Diagnostic Material (1998).
15.
United Kingdom – Working Party of the Royal College of Pathologists and the Institute of Biomedical Science, The Retention and Storage of Pathological Records and Archives, Report of the Working Party of Biomedical Science, 2d. edition (1999).
16.
Norgaard-PedersonB., “Use of Stored Samples from the Danish PKU Register” in KnoppersB.M., ed., Human DNA: Law and Policy, International and Comparative Perspectives (Amsterdam: Kluwer Law International, 1997): 303–11.
See AvardD.KharaboyanL., and KnoppersB.M., “Using ‘Spots’ in Research: Moving Beyond Screening and Treatment” in Association of Public Health Laboratories, 2002Newborn Screening and Genetic Testing Symposium Proceedings (Phoenix, November 4–7 2002): 319–21.
20.
See Norgaard-Pederson, supra note 16.
21.
See Danish Medical Research Council, supra note 17.
22.
See AAP, supra note 5.
23.
AndrewsL. B.FullartonJ.E.HoltzmanN.A., eds., Assessing Genetic Risks: Implications for Health and Social Policy (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1993): at 277; The New York State Task Force on Life and the Law, Genetic Testing and Screening in the Age of Genomic Medicine, Report (2000), available at <http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/taskfce/screening.htm>; American Society of Human Genetics, “Statement on Informed Consent for Genetic Research,”American Journal of Human Genetics59 (1996): 471–74; TomoedaK. and MatsudaI., “Biomedical Ethics and Mass Screening of the Newborn in Japan,”Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics8 (1998): 75–76.
24.
The Nuffield Trust, Learning from Experience: Privacy and the Secondary Use of Data, Report (2002); Royal College of Physicians Committee on Ethical Issues in Medicine, “Research Based on Archived Information and Samples,”Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London33 (1999): 264–66.
25.
ClaytonE.SteinbergK.KhouryM.J., “Informed Consent for Genetic Research on Stored Tissue Samples,”JAMA274 (1995): 1786–92.
26.
National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC), Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance, Report (1999).
27.
See New York State Task Force, supra note 23.
28.
WaldN.J. and LawM., “The Threat to the Use of Records and Stored Blood Samples in Medical Screening Research,”Journal of Medical Screening8 (2001): 58–59.
29.
See NBAC, supra note 26.
30.
See Therrell, supra note 2.
31.
MillsD., “Alternative Uses of Guthrie Spots from Newborn Screening Programs. Increased Demand for DNA Specimens,”Genetic Drift Newsletter15 (1998), available at <http://www.mostgene.org/gd/gdvol15b.htm> (last visited October 3, 2003).
32.
AnnasG.J., “Privacy Rules for DNA Databanks. Protecting Coded ‘Future Diaries’,”JAMA270 (1993): 2346–2350.
33.
Personal communication with Dr. Gerard Loeber from the RIVM in November 2002.
34.
LoeberJ.G. and ElversB., “(Illegality of Long Term Storage of Newborn Filter Paper Cards,”Proceedings of the Newborn Screening and Genetics Symposium (Washington: Association of Public Health Laboratories, 2001).
35.
H v G. [M/1868/98]. 1999. Upheld in H v G (2000) 18 FRNZ 572.
36.
New Zealand – Health and Disability Commissioner, Auckland Healthcare – Report on Opinion, Case 99HDC09011 (2000).
37.
See H v G, supra note 34.
38.
See Elkin, supra note 8.
39.
Id.
40.
AbramsonD., “Passing the Test: New York's Newborn HIV Testing Policy, 1987–1997,” in StotoM.A.AlmarioD.A., and McCormickM.C., eds., Reducing the Odds – Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States (Washington: National Academy Press, 1999): 313–40.
41.
RoyD., “Anonymous HIV Seroprevalence Studies: Ethical Conditions,” in KnoppersB.M. and LabergeC.M., eds., Genetic Screening. From Newborn to DNA Typing (Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1990): 95–110.