Holes in the Health Insurance System-Who Lacks Coverage and Why

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References

U.S. Census Bureau, Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2002, Consumer Income Pub. no. P60-223 (September 2003), at <http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p60-223.pdf> (last visited June 17, 2004).

Congressional Budget Office, How Many People Lack Health Insurance and For How Long? Table 1 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003).

Short

P. F.

and Graefe

D. R.

, “Battery-Powered Health Insurance? Stability in Coverage of the Uninsured,” Health Affairs 22, no. 6 (2003): 244–55.

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Fact Sheet: Medicare at a Glance (April 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/medicare/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=14184> (last visited June 17, 2004).

2003 Medicaid enrollment estimates from Congressional Budget Office, March 2004 Baseline Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004).

See U.S. Census Bureau, supra note 1.

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “Health Insurance Coverage in America: 2002 Data Update,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured Report (December 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/uninsured/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=29340> (last visited June 17, 2003), hereinafter cited as 2002 Data Update.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

10.

Calculations based on The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “The Uninsured: A Primer,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (December 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/uninsured/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=29345> (last visited June 17, 2004).

11.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

12.

Garrett

, Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Coverage: Sponsorship, Eligibility, and Participation Patterns in 2001 (Washington, D.C.: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 2004).

13.

See Garrett , supra note 12.

14.

See Garrett , supra note 12.

15.

See Garrett , supra note 12.

16.

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust, Employer Health Benefits 2003 Annual Survey (September 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/insurance/ehbs2003-1-set.cfm> (last visited June 17, 2004), hereinafter cited as Employer Health Benefits report.

17.

See Garrett , supra note 12.

18.

See Garrett , supra note 12.

19.

Employer Health Benefits report, supra note 16.

20.

Congressional Budget Office, supra note 2; Haley

and Zuckerman

, “Is Lack of Coverage a Short- or Long-Term Condition,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured Report (June 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/uninsured/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=14352> (last visited June 17, 2004).

21.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7

22.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

23.

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “The Uninsured and Their Access to Health Care,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (December 2003), at <http://www.kffr.org/uninsured/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=29284> (last visited June 17, 2004).

24.

Further discussion of Medicaid eligibility provided in The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, The Medicaid Resource Book (July 2002), at <http://www.kff.org/medicaid/2236-index.cfm> (last visited June 17, 2004), herein after cited as The Medicaid Resource Book.

25.

Ross

Cohen D.

and Cox

, “Preserving Recent Progress on Health Coverage for Children and Families: New Tensions Emerge,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured report (July 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/medicaid/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=14355> (last visited June 17, 2004).

26.

Calculated based on data provided in Cohen Ross and Cox, supra note 25.

27.

First estimate provided in 2002 Data Update, supra note 7; remaining estimates based on The Kaiser Commission and Medicaid and the Uninsured and Urban Institute analysis of the March 2003 Current Population Survey (Unpublished data).

28.

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “Medicaid's Role in Long-Term Care,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (March 2001), at <http://www.kff.org/medicaid/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=13732> (last visited June 17, 2004).

29.

The Medicaid Resource Book, supra note 24, 17–29.

30.

See Ross

Cohen

and Cox , supra note 25.

31.

See Ross

Cohen

and Cox , supra note 25.

32.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

33.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

34.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

35.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

36.

Estimate based on The Kaiser Commission and Medicaid and the Uninsured and Urban Institute analysis of the March 2003 Current Population Survey (Unpublished data).

37.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

38.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

39.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

40.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

41.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

42.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

43.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

44.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

45.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

46.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

47.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

48.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

49.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

50.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

51.

2002 Data Update, supra note 7.

52.

Holahan

and Wang

, “Changes in Health Insurance Coverage During the Economic Downturn: 2000–2002,” Health Affairs, Web Exclusive, W-4 (2004): 31–42.

53.

See Holahan and Wang , supra note 52.

54.

Gabel

, “Health Benefits in 2003: Premiums Reach Thirteen-Year High as Employers Adopt New Forms of Cost Sharing,” Health Affairs 22, no. 5 (2003): 117–126.

55.

See Gabel

, supra note 54.

56.

Cutler

D. M.

, Employee Costs and the Decline in Health Insurance Coverage, Working Paper No. 9036 (Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002).

57.

See Holahan and Wang , supra note 52.

58.

Boyd

and Wachino

, “Is the State Fiscal Crisis Over? A 2004 State Budget Update,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (January 2004), at <http://www.kff.org/medicaid/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=30459> (last visited June 17, 2004).

59.

Boyd

, “The Current State Fiscal Crisis and Its Aftermath,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (September 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/medicaid/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageIDs22130> (last visited June 17, 2004).

60.

Smith

, “States Respond to Fiscal Pressure: State Medicaid Spending Growth and Cost Containment in Fiscal Years 2003 and 2004,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (September 2003), at <http://www.kff.org/medicaid/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=22126> (last visited June 17, 2004).

61.

See Boyd and Wachino , supra note 58.

62.

Smith

, “States Respond to Fiscal Pressure: A 50-State Update of State Medicaid Spending Growth and Cost Containment Actions,” The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (January 2004), at <http://www.kff.org/medicaid/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=30453> (last visited June 17, 2004).