New Hope for Victims of Prison Sexual Assault

Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003, Pub. Law. No. 108–79, 117 Stat. 972–989 (codified at 42 U.S.C.S. §§ 15601–15609) (enacted September 4, 2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15602 (2003).

H.R. 247, 108th Congress, 1st Session, Title VI, § 611 (2003). The so-called “Zimmer Amendment” was initially enacted in the Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997, Title VI, § 611, Pub. Law. No. 104–208, 110 Stat. 3009, and has been reenacted in each subsequent year. Similar language is included in the Federal No Frills Prisons Act of 2003, H.R. 2296, 108th Congress, 1st Session (2003).

Finn P. , “No Frills Prisons and Jails: A Movement in Flux,” Federal Probation, 60, no. 3 (1996): 35–44.

149 Cong. Rec. S9703 (daily ed. July 22, 2003) (statement of Sen. Kennedy); 149 Cong. Rec. H7764-H7765 (daily ed. July 25, 2003) (statement of Rep. Scott); and 149 Cong. Rec. H7766 (daily ed. July 25, 2003) (statement of Rep. Wolf).

Letter dated April 18, 2003, from Prison Fellowship Ministries and Justice Policy Institute to Senator Frist, Senator Daschle, Majority Leader DeLay, and Minority Leader Pelosi.

Struckman-Johnson C. Struckman Johnson D. , “Sexual Coercion Rates in Seven Midwestern Prison Facilities for Men,” The Prison Journal, 80, no. 4 (2000): 360–367.

42 U.S.C.S. § 15601(2) (2003).

Lockwood D. , “Issues in Prison Sexual Violence,” in Braswell M.C. Montgomery R.H. Jr. Lombardo L.X. , eds., Prison Violence in America, Second Edition (Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co., 1994):97–102.

Lockwood , supra note 9; Maitland A.S. Sluder R.D. , “Victimization and Youthful Inmates: An Empirical Analysis,” The Prison Journal, 78, no. 1 (1998): 55–73; Saum C. Surratt H. Inciardi J. Bennett R. , “Sex in Prison: Exploring the Myths and Realities,” The Prison Journal, 75, no. 4 (1995): 413–430; Struckman-Johnson , supra note 7; Wortley R. , “Situational Prison Control: Crime Prevention in Correctional Institutions” (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002): At 101–103.

Struckman-Johnson , supra note 7.

Dummond R.W. , The Impact and Recovery of Prisoner Rape , paper presented at the National Conference, “Not Part of the Penalty”: Ending Prisoner Rape , Washington, D.C., October 19, 2001, available at http://www.spr.org/en/Dumond.pdf (Accessed August 25, 2003); and Mariner J. , No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2001), available at http://hrw.org/reports/2001/prison/report.html (Accessed August 14, 2000).

Cotton D.J. Groth A.N. , “Inmate Rape: Prevention and Intervention,” Journal of Prison & Jail Health, 2, no. 1 (1982): 47–57; and McCorkle R.C. , “Personal Precautions to Violence in Prisons,” Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19, no. 2 (1992): 160–173.

Mariner J. , No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2001) Accessible at http://hrw.org/reports/2001/prison/report.html (Accessed August 14, 2000).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15601(14) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15609(7) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15609 (9) (2003).

Eigenberg H.M. , “Correctional officers' definitions of rape in male prisons,” Journal of Criminal Justice, 28 (2000): 435–449.

42 U.S.C.S. § 15603(a) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15603(b) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15604 (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15605 (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15605(b)(2) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15606 (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15606(d)(1) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15606(d)(2)(D) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15606(d)(2)(I) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15606(d)(2)(L) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15606(e)(3) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15606(1) (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15607 (2003).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15608 (2003).

Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 838 (1994).

42 U.S.C.S. § 15601(13) (2003).

Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. at 853.

Harrison P.M. Beck A.J. , “Prisoners in 2002,” U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, NCJ 198877 (April 2003) available through http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p02.pdf (last visited August 25, 2003).