The Podium

Gardner H. Csikszentmihalyi M. Damon W. , Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet (New York: Basic Books, 2001).

Id. at 5.

Interferon alpha is a chemical produced from the interaction of viruses with exposed animal cells. When subsequently used on uninfected cells, this chemical can induce protection from subsequent viral infection, acting much like a vaccine.

Hemangiomas are nonmalignant tumors comprised of newly formed blood vessels.

Brouty-Boye D. Zetter B.R. , “Inhibition of Cell Motility by Interferon,” Science, 208 (1980): 516–18. Capillary endothelial cells are those cells which line the smallest blood vessels in the body.

White C. , “Treatment of Pulmonary Hemangiomatosis with Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2a,” N. Engl. J. Med., 320 (1989): 1197–1200;.

Folkman J. , “Successful Treatment of an Angiogenic Disease,” N. Engl. J. Med., 320 (1989): 1211–12.

Ezekowitz R.A. Mulliken J.B. Folkman J. , “Corrections,” N. Engl. J. Med., 330 (1994): 300;.

Ezekowitz A. Mulliken J. Folkman J. , “Additional Corrections: Interferon for Hemangiomas of Infancy,” N. Eng. J. Med., 333 (1995): 595–96.

The subglottic region is an area of the airway or trachea below the voice box or larnyx.

Ohlms L.A. , “Interferon Alfa-2a Therapy for Airway Hemangiomas,” Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, 103 (1994): 1–8.

Singh R.K. , “Interferons a and b Down-Regulate the Expression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Human Carcinomas,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92: 4562–66. Isaiah Fidler is a coauthor of this material.

Barlow C.F. , “Spastic Diplegia as a Complication of Interferon Alfa-2a Treatment of Hemangiomas of Infancy,” Journal of Pediatrics, 132 (1998): 527–30.

Huang S.A. , “Severe Hypothyroidism Caused by Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Infantile Hemangiomas,” N. Eng. J. Med., 343 (2000): 185–89.

Kaban L.B. , “Antiangiogenic Therapy of a Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of the Mandible with Interferon Alfa-2a,” Pediatrics, 103 (1999): 1145–49.

Grealy L. , Autobiography of a Face (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994).

Id. at book jacket cover.

Marler J.J. , “Successful Antiangiogenic Therapy of Giant Cell Angioblastoma with Interferon Alfa 2b: Report of 2 Cases,” Pediatrics, 109 (2002): 1–5.

Id.

Mandible and maxilla both refer to bones of the jaw.

Enucleation surgery refers to removal of a tumor as an intact mass.

Kaban L.B. , “Antiangiogenic Therapy with Interferon Alpha for Giant Cells Lesions of the Jaws,” Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 60 (2002): 1103–111.

See Ezzel C. , “Starving Tumors of Their Lifeblood,” Scientific American, 279, no. 4 (1998): 33–34.