Introduction: Death and Dying behind Bars—Cross-Cutting Themes and Policy Imperatives

See generally Institute of Medicine, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997).

See Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, Prisoners in 1998 (Washington, D.C.: Department of Justice, NCJ 175687, Aug. 1999): at 1 (As of year-end 1998, 1.8 million people were in federal or state prisons or jails. The growth rate in the prison population in 1998 was 4.8 percent).

See Kaplan G.A. , “Inequality in Income and Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Mortality and Potential Pathways,” British Journal of Medicine, 312 (1996): 999–1003; and Watson S.D. , “Minority Access and Health Reform: A Civil Right to Health Care,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 22 (1994): 127–37, at 127–29.

See Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, supra note 2, at 12 (noting longer sentences and higher incarceration rates); and Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, HIV in Prisons 1997 (Washington, D.C.: Department of Justice, NCJ 178284, Nov. 1999): at 1 (noting a slight decline in the infection rate of human immunodeficiency virus for year-end 1997, but an overall rate of acquired immune deficiency syndrome among prison populations that is five times that of the general population).

The article by Frederick Parker and Charles Paine did not appear as part of the original meeting. See Parker F.R. Jr. and Paine C.J. , “Informed Consent and the Refusal of Medical Treatment in the Correctional Setting,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 27 (1999): 240–51.

See Beck J.A. , “Compassionate Release from New York State Prisons: Why Are So Few Getting Out?,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 27 (1999): 216–33.

See Greifinger R.B. , Commentary, “Is It Politic to Limit Our Compassion?,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 27 (1999): 234–37.

See Johnson G.G. , Commentary, “A Personal View on Palliative and Hospice Care in Correctional Facilities,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 27 (1999): 238–39.

See Hospice and Palliative Care in Prisons: Special Issues in Corrections (Longmont: National Institute of Corrections Information Center, Sept. 1998): at 4 (tbl. 2), 5, 8; and Angola Prison Hospice: Opening the Door (documentary film, 1998).

See Cohn F. , “The Ethics of End-of-Life Care for Prison Inmates,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 27 (1999): 252–59.

See Parker and Paine , supra note 5.

See Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, WHO Guidelines on HIV Infection and AIDS in Prisons (Geneva: World Health Organization, Mar. 1993).

See Hospice and Palliative Care in Prisons, supra note 9, at 5–7.

See Hayes L.M. , “Suicide in Adult Correctional Facilities: Key Ingredients to Prevention and Overcoming the Obstacles,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 27 (1999): 260–68.

See Dalton V. , “Death and Dying in Prison in Australia: National Overview, 1980–1998,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 27 (1999): 269–74.