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Will George A. , “Why the Chemistry Has To Be Right,” Newsday, Oct. 2, 1988, p. 9.

Duchaine D. , Underground Steroid Handbook (Santa Monica: OEM Publishing, 1990), p. 1.

Williams Melvin H. , Sports Medicine (New York: Academic Press, 2nd ed., 1989), pp. 184–85.

Simon Robert L. , Sports and Social Values (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1985), pp. 64–75.

Meier Klaus V. , “Fields of Dreams and Men of Straw: Philosophical Reflections on Performance-Enhancers in Sport,” journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 28 (1991): 74–85.

Nathaniel Phillips, Anabolic Reference Guide—6th Edition (Golden, CO: Mile High Publishing, 1991); and Connolly Pat , “It's Time to Ban Punitive Drug Testing,” The New York Times, Oct. 28, 1990, p. 57.

Anon, “Ergogenic Drug Use Down; ‘Binge-Drinking’ on the Rise, According to National Study,” NCAA Sports Sciences Education Newsletter, Winter (1993): 1–4.

Williamson D.J. , “Misuse of Anabolic Drugs,” British Medical Journal, 306, no. 6869 (1993): 61.

Sample Barry , “An Overview of Anabolic/Androgenic Steroids,” NCAA Sports Sciences Education Newsletter, Spring (1992): 3–4.

Corder B.W. , “Trends in Drug Use Behavior at Ten Central Arizona High Schools,” Arizona Journal of Health Physical Education & Recreational Dance, 18 (1975): 10–11.

Buckley W.W. , “Estimated Prevalence of Anabolic Steroid Use Among Male High School Seniors,” Journal of American Medical Association, 260, no. 23 (1988): 3441–45.

Ibid.

Cowan V.S. , “Blunting ‘Steroid Epidemic’ Requires Alternatives, Innovative Education,” Journal of American Medical Association, 264, no. 13 (1990): 1641.

DuRant R.H. , “Use of Multiple Drugs Among Adolescents Who Use Anabolic Steroids,” New England Journal of Medicine, 328, no. 13 (1993): 922–26.

Yesalis C.E. , “Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in the United States,” Journal of American Medical Association, 270, no. 10 (1993): 1217–21.

Pray W.S. , “Anabolic Steroids: Deadly Attraction,” US Pharmacist, 17, no. 10 (1992): 30–36.

See Duchaine , supra note 2; and Phillips , supra note 6.

Sample , supra note 9; Catlin D.H. , “Use and Abuse of Anabolic Steroids and Other Drugs for Athletic Enhancement,” Advances in Internal Medicine, 36 (1991): 399–424; Hickson R.C. , “Adverse Effects of Anabolic Steroids,” Medical Toxicology & Adverse Drug Experiences, 4, no. 4 (1989): 254–71; Hough D.O. Voy R.O. , “When to Suspect Steroid Abuse,” Patient Care, 24, no. 13 (1990): 129–40; and Smith D.A. Perry P.J. , “The Efficacy of Ergogenic Agents in Athletic Competition—Part 1: Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids,” Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 16, no. 4 (1992): 520–28.

Friedl K.E. Yesalis C.E. , “Self-Treatment of Gynecomastia in Bodybuilders Who Use Anabolic Steroids,” Physician & Sportsmedicine, 17, no. 3 (1989): 67–79.

See Catlin , supra note 18.

See Williamson , supra note 8.

See Buckley , supra note 11.

Hough D.O. , “Anabolic Steroids and Ergogenic Aids,” American Family Physician, 41, no. 4 (1990): 1157–64.

Choi P.Y.L. , “High-Dose Anabolic Steroids in Strength Athletes: Effects upon Hostility and Aggression,” Human Psychopharmacology, 5, no. 4 (1990): 349–56; Conacher G.N. Workman D.G. , “Violent Crime Possibly Associated with Anabolic Steroid Use,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, no. 5 (1989): 679; Pope Harrison G. Katz David L. , “Homicide and Near-Homicide by Anabolic Steroid Users,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51, no. 1 (1990): 28–31; and Dalby J.T. , “Brief Anabolic Steroid Use and Sustained Behavioral Reaction,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, no. 2 (1992): 271–72.

Bahrke M.S. , “Selected Psychological Characteristics of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users,” New England Journal of Medicine, 323, no. 12 (1990): 834–35; and Slade M. , “At the Bar: In a Growing Number of Cases, Defendants Are Portraying Themselves as Victims,” The New York Times, May 20, 1994, sec. B14.

Su T.P. , “Neuropsychiatric Effects of Anabolic Steroids in Male Normal Volunteers,” Journal of American Medical Association, 269, no. 21 (1993): 2760–64.

Pope Harrison G. Katz David L. , “Psychiatric and Medical Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, no. 5 (1994): 375–82.

Yesalis C.E. , “Anabolic Steroid Use: Indications of Habituation Among Adolescents,” Journal of Drug Education, 19, no. 2 (1989): 103–16; and Brower K.J. , “Anabolic Steroids,” Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 16, no. 1 (1993): 97–103.

Brower K.J. , “Addictive Potential for Anabolic Steroids,” Psychiatric Annals, 22, no. 1 (1992): 30–34.

Thomas R. , “Lyle Alzado, Football Player, Is Victim of Brain Cancer at 43,” The New York Times, May 15, 1992, sec. C19.

Cowart , supra note 13; and Frankle M. Leffers D. , “Athletes on Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids,” Physician & Sportsmedicine, 20, no. 6 (1992): 75–87.

Goldberg L. , “Anabolic Steroid Education and Adolescents: Do Scare Tactics Work?” Pediatrics, 87, no. 3 (1991): 283–86.

Michna H. , “Tendon Injuries Induced by Exercise and Anabolic Steroids in Experimental Mice,” International Orthopedics, 11, no. 2 (1987): 157–62; Miles J.W. , “The Effect of Anabolic Steroids on the Biomechanical and Histological Properties of Rat Tendon,” Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (Am), 74, no. 3 (1992): 411–22; and Wood T.O. , “The Effect of Exercise and Anabolic Steroids on the Mechanical Properties and Crimp Morphology of the Rat Tendon,” American Journal of Sports Medicine, 16, no. 2 (1988): 153–58.

Herbert Bob , “In America: Football's Fearful Reality,” The New York Times, Dec. 22, 1993, sec. A23.

See Phillips , supra note 6.

Anon, “Court Rules Against Colorado Drug Policy,” The NCAA News, May 4 (1994): 1.

Art Davis and Barry Sample, “A&H Athletic Drug Reference '94,” (Durham, NC: Clean Data Inc., 1994), pp. 108–23.

See Anon, supra note 7.

Newman A. , “Drug-Testing Firms Face Pluses, Minuses in New Rules,” The Wall Street Journal, Mar. 15, 1994, sec. B4.