Physicians and Futile Care: Using Ethics Committees to Slow the Momentum

Brennan T.A. , “Do Not Resuscitate Orders for the Incompetent Patient in the Absence of Family Consent,” Law, Medicine & Health Care. 1986;14:13–19.

Blackhall L.J. , “Must We Always Use CPR?” N Engl J Med 1987;317:1281–1285.

Brennan T.A. , “Incompetent Patients with Limited Care in the Absence of Family Consent: A Study of Socioeconomic and Clinical Variables,” Annals of Internal Medicine. 1988;109:819–825.

Murphy D.J. , “Do Not Resuscitate Orders: Time for Reappraisal in Long Term Care Institutions,” JAMA. 1988;260:1098–2101; Faber-Langendoen K. , “Resuscitation of Patients with Metastatic Cancer: Is Transient Benefit Still Futile?” Archives of Internal Medicine. 1991;151:235–239.

Schiedermayer D.L. , “The Decision to Forego CPR in the Elderly Patient,” JAMA. 1988;260:2096–2097.

Miles S.H. , “Informed Demand for Non-Beneficial Medical Treatment,” New Engl J Med. 1991;325:512–515.

Katz J. , The Silent World of Doctor and Patient. New York: Free Press, 1984.

Bedell S.E. Delbanco T.L. , “Choices About Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Hospital: When Do Physicians Talk with Patients?” New Engl J Med. 1984;310:1089–1093.

Reinhardt U.E. , “Breaking American Health Policy Gridlock,” Health Affairs. 1991;10:96–103.

Lubitx J. Prihoda R. , “Use and Cost of Medicare Services in the Last Two Years of Life,” Health Care Financing Review. 1984;5:117–131.

Paris J.J. Crone R.K. Reardon F. , “Physicians Refusal or Request of Treatment: The Case of Baby L,” New Engl J Med. 1990;322:1012–1015.

Fourth Judicial District (Dist. Ct., Probate Ct. Div.) PX-91-283, Minnesota, Hennepin County.

Miles S.H. , “Informed Demand for ‘Non Beneficial’ Medical Treatment,” New Engl J Med. 1991;325:511–512.

Angell M. , “The Case of Helga Wanglie.” New Engl J Med. 1991;325:511–512.

Brennan T.A. , Just Doctoring: Medical Ethics in the Liberal State, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991.

Emanuel L.L. Berry M.J. Stoeckle J.D. , “Advanced Directives for Medical Care—A Case for Greater Use,” New Engl J Med. 1991;324:889–895.

Annas G.J. , “The Health Care Proxy and the Living Will,” New Engl J Med. 1991;324:1210–1213.

White M.L. Fletcher J.C. , “The Patient Self-Determination Act: On Balance More Help Than Hindrance,” JAMA. 1991;266:410–412.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL, 1991.

Brunetti L.L. Carperas S.D. Westlund R.E. , “Physicians Attitudes Towards Living Wills and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation,” Journal of General Internal Medicine. 1991;6:323–329.

Callahan D. , Setting Limits. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987.

Blumstein J.F. , “Age Based Rationing of Medical Care: A Legal and Policy Critique,” St. Louis University Law Journal. 1989;33:693–705.

Daniels N. , “Is the Oregon Rationing Plan Fair?” JAMA. 1991;265:2232–2235. Vladeck B.C. , “Unhealthy Rations,” American Prospect. 1991; Summer: 100–105. Budetti P. , “Rationing in Oregon: A Lion in Sheep's Clothing,” Health Matrix. 1991;1:312–339.

Brennan T.A. , Just Doctoring: Medical Ehtics in the Liberal State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991.

Youngner S. , “Who Defines Futility?” JAMA. 1988;260:2094–2095.

Emanuel L.L. Berry M.J. Stoeckle J.D. , “Advanced Directives for Medical Care—A Case for Greater Use,” New Engl J Med. 1991;324:889–895.

Brennan T.A. , “Ethics Committees and Decisions to Limit Care: The Experience of the Massachusetts General Hospital,” JAMA, 1988.

Emanuel E. , The Ends of Human Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.

Robertson J.A. , “Ethics Committees in Hospitals: Alternative Structures and Responsibilities,” Issues in Law and Medicine. 1991;7:83–93.

Emanuel L.L. Berry M.J. Stoeckle J.D. , “Advanced Directives for Medical Care—A Case for Greater Use,” New Engl J Med. 1991;324:889–895.

Goetzler R.M. Moskowitz M.A. , “Changes in Physician Attitudes Towards Limiting Care of Critically Ill Patients,” Archives of Internal Medicine. 1991;151:1537–1540.

Lo B. , “Behind Closed Doors: Promises and Pitfalls of Ethics Committees,” New Engl J Med. 1991;317:46–49.

Hafemeister T.L. Keilitz I. Banks S.M. , “The Judicial Role in Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment Decisions,” Issues in Law and Medicine. 1991;7:53–73.