Empirical Assessment of Innovation in the Law of Civil Commitment: A Critique

See Appelbaum P.S. , Civil Commitment in Psychiatry, vol. 3: Epidemiology, Legal, and Social Psychiatry (ed. Michels R. ) (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1985).

National Institute of Mental Health, A Draft Act Governing the Hospitalization of the Mentally Ill (Public Health Service Publication No. 51) (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1952).

See, e.g., Wexler D.B. Scoville S.E. , The Administration of Psychiatric Justice: Theory and Practice in Arizona, Arizona Law Review 13: 1, 5–144 (1971); Contemporary Studies Project, Facts and Fallacies about Iowa Commitment, Iowa Law Review 55(4): 895 (April 1970).

Appelbaum P.S. , Standards for Civil Commitment: A Critical Review of Empirical Research, International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 7(2): 133, 141–3 (1984).

Appelbaum P.S. , Civil Commitment: Is the Pendulum Changing Direction? Hospital & Community Psychiatry 33(9): 703 (September 1982).

In addition to the articles cited in notes 7-23 and 28, I have used the following studies: Wanck B. , Two Decades of Involuntary Hospitalization Legislation, American Journal of Psychiatry 141(1): 33 (January 1984); Bonovitz J.S. Bonovitz J.C. , Emergency Detention of the Mentally Ill, Journal of Psychiatry and Law 9: 423 (1981); Lamb H.R. Sorkin A.P. Zusman J. , Legislating Social Control of the Mentally Ill in California, American Journal of Psychiatry 138(3): 334 (March 1981) Bonovitz J.C. Bonovitz J.S. , Diversion of the Mentally Ill into the Criminal Justice System: The Police Intervention Perspective, American Journal of Psychiatry 138(7): 973 (July 1981); Haupt D.N. Ehrlich S.M. , The Impact of a New State Commitment Law on Psychiatric Patient Careers, Hospital & Community Psychiatry 31: 745–751 (1980); Bonovitz J.C. Guy E.B. , Impact of Restrictive Civil Commitment Procedures on a Prison Psychiatric Service, American Journal of Psychiatry 136(8): 1045 (August 1979).

Monahan J. Ruggiero M. Friedlander H.D. , Stone-Roth Model of Civil Commitment and the California Dangerousness Standard: Operational Comparison, Archives of General Psychiatry 39(11): 1267 (November 1982).

Zander T.K. , Civil Commitment in Wisconsin: The Impact of Lessard v. Schmidt, Wisconsin Law Review 1976(2): 503.

Munetz M.R. Kaufman K.R. Rich C. L. , Modernization of a Mental Health Act: I. Commitment Patterns, Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 8(4): 83, 91–92 (1980).

Frydman L.L. , Effects of Psychiatric Legislation: An Example from Kansas, Journal of Psychiatry and Law 8(1): 73 (Spring 1980).

McGarry A.L. , Statewide Statistical Impact: Old Statute vs. New Statute, in Civil Commitment and Social Policy: An Evaluation of the Massachusetts Mental Health Reform Act (ed. McGarry A.L. .) (NIMH, Rockville, Md., 1981).

ENKI Research Institute, A Study of California's New Mental Health Law (1969–1971) (ENKI Corporation, Los Angeles, 1972).

McGarry , supra note 11.

Luckey J.W. Berman J.J. , Effects of a New Commitment Law on Involuntary Admissions and Service Utilization Patterns, Law and Human Behavior 3(3): 149–61 (1979).

See Frydman , supra note 10.

Miller R.D. Fiddleman P.B. , Involuntary Civil Commitment in North Carolina: The Result of the 1979 Statutory Changes, North Carolina Law Review 60(5): 985 (June 1982).

Geller J.L. Lister E.D. , The Process of Criminal Commitment for Pretrial Psychiatric Examination: An Evaluation, American Journal of Psychiatry 135(1): 53 (January 1978).

See Luckey and Berman, supra note 14.

See Frydman, supra note 10.

Munetz, Kaufman, and Rich, supra note 9.

Hoening J. Sreenivasan U. Leiberman D. , The Impact of Mental Health Legislation on Psychiatric Services, International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 5(3/4): 377 (1982).

McGarry, supra note 11; Luckey and Berman, supra note 14, at 159.

Hoening, Sreenivasan, and Leiberman, supra note 21, at 379-81; Durham M. Pierce G.L. , Beyond Deinstitutionalization: A Commitment Law in Evolution, Hospital & Community Psychiatry 33(3): 216, 219 (March 1982).

For an example of a study that attempted to collect such data, see ENKI Research Institute, supra note 12.

Faulkner L.R. , The Effect of Mental Health System Changes on Civil Commitment, Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law13(4): 345 (1985).

See Shuman D.W. Weiner M.F. , The Privilege Study: An Empirical Examination of the Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege, North Carolina Law Review 60(5): 893, 907–17 (June 1982).

Caper P. Blumenthal D. , What Price Cost Control? Massachusetts' New Hospital Payment Law, New England Journal of Medicine 308(9): 542–44 (March 3, 1983); Office of Economic Opportunity, Preliminary Results of the New Jersey Graduated Work Incentive Experiment (OEO, Washington, D.C., 1970).

Durham and Pierce, supra note 23.