Autonomy and Paternalism: Two Goals in Conflict

208 U.S. 412 (1908).

Id. at 421–22.

This was the prevailing judicial view until the case of Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, 161 A.2d 69 (N.J. 1960).

Pub. Res. 11, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 49 Stat. 115 (1935).

18 U.S.C. §§241 et seq., 372, 2384 (1976); 28 U.S.C. §§1343, 1443, 1446 (1976); 42 U.S.C. §§1981 et seq., (1976).

U.S. Const, amend. I–V, XIII–XV, XIX, XXI (repeal of prohibition), XXIV, XXVI (lowered voting age).

Horstman P. , Protective Services for the Elderly: The Limits of Parens Patriae, Missouri Law Review 40(2): 215 (Spring 1975); Regan J. , Protecting the Elderly: The New Paternalism, Hastings Law Journal 32(5). 1111 (May 1981).

Cal. Probate Code §§1801, 1827.5. 1828.5 (1984).

387 U.S. 1 (1966).

442 U.S. 584 (1979).

Childress J.F. , Who Should Decide? Paternalism in Health Care (Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.) (1982).

Id. at 61–66.

See Friedman M. Friedman R. , Free to Choose (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, N.Y.) (1980).

I am inclined to agree with Frederick Jackson Turner, who suggested that much of the American character and our political and social styles were created by our historical proximity to a frontier which offered free land and apparent unbounded opportunity up until the end of the last century. Turner F.J. , The Significance of the American Frontier in American History, in Proceedings of the Historical Society of Wisconsin (Madison, Wis.) (1894). See also Turner F. J. , The Frontier in American Society (H. Holt and Co., New York, N.Y.) (1920).

Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §14-5101 (1975).

Ind. Code Ann. §29-1-18-1(C) (2) (West 1979).

See, e.g., S.C. Code §43-29-10(4) (definitions). But see Md Ann. Code, health-gen. §10-609(d), which requires for all persons 65 and over subjected to involuntary commitment proceedings a special evaluation by a geriatric evaluation team to identify the least restrictive alternative available, and Mont. Code Ann. §53-21-102(14) which incorporates for commitments of elderly people the standard of “danger to self or others.”

Pa. Stat. Ann., tit. 50, §7101 (Purdon 1985).

422 U.S. 563 (1975).

Neveloff-Dubler N. , Outline distributed at conference, Legal & Ethical Aspects of Health Care for the Elderly (sponsored by the American Society of Law & Medicine, Washington, D.C.) (1983).

Childress, supra note 10, at 12–13.

Id. at ix.

Report of the Mayor's Public-Private Task Force on Homelessness—1984–85, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at 7.

Police Transport the Homeless in Freezing Weather, Adult Protective Services Network News, iss. 13, p. 1 (Spring 1985).

See Childress, supra note 1, at 102–23.

377 F. Supp. 1361 (E.D. Pa. 1974), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 943 (1977).

377 F. Supp. at 1370.

Alexander G. Lewin T. , The Aged and the Need for Surrogate Management (Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y.) (1972).

See Vecchione v. Wohlgemuth, slip opinion at 23 (E.D. Pa. June 30, 1978) ( Becker J. ) (unpublished opinion given after settlement hearing).

Cal. Probate Code §§1801-1911 (1984).

Regan J. , Adult Protective Services: An Appraisal and a Prospectus, in National Law and Social Work Seminar: Proceedings and Prospects (University of Southern Maine, Portland, Me.) (1982).

Id. at 14.

Id. at 15–18.

State Statutory References that Recognize the Durable Power of Attorney, in Cohen E. , Durable Power of Attorney: An Important Alternative to Guardianship, Conservatorship, or Trusteeship (Temple University Long Term Care Gerontology Center, Philadelphia, Pa.) (1984) at app. B.

U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging, Developments in Aging: 1983 (U.S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington, D.C.) (1984).

Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the U.S. Selected Chronic Conditions Technology and Biomedical Research, in Technology and Aging in America (U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.) (1985).